Abstract: A device for sampling chemical compounds from fixed surfaces and related methods are disclosed. The device may include a vacuum source, a chamber and a sorbent material. The device may utilize vacuum extraction to volatilize the chemical compounds from the fixed surfaces so that they may be sorbed by the sorbent material. The sorbent material may then be analyzed using conventional thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD/GC/MS) instrumentation to determine presence of the chemical compounds. The methods may include detecting release and presence of one or more chemical compounds and determining the efficacy of decontamination. The device may be useful in collection and analysis of a variety of chemical compounds, such as residual chemical warfare agents, chemical attribution signatures and toxic industrial chemicals.

Abstract: A device for sampling chemical compounds from fixed surfaces and related methods are disclosed. The device may include a vacuum source, a chamber and a sorbent material. The device may utilize vacuum extraction to volatilize the chemical compounds from the fixed surface so that they may be sorbed by the sorbent material. The sorbent material may then be analyzed using conventional thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD/GC/MS) instrumentation to determine presence of the chemical compounds. The methods may include detecting release and presence of one or more chemical compounds and determining the efficacy of decontamination. The device may be useful in collection and analysis of a variety of chemical compounds, such as residual chemical warfare agent, chemical attribution signatures and toxic industrial chemicals.

Abstract: A nickel based single crystal superalloy comprising 7-9 wt % cobalt, 3.5-4.5 wt % chromium, 0-2.4 wt % molybdenum, 4-8 wt % tungsten, 3.5-6 wt % rhenium, 5-6.5 wt % aluminium, 6.5-8.5 wt % tantalum, 0-0.2 wt % hafnium and the balance nickel plus incidental impurities. The nickel based single crystal superalloy is suitable for use as a gas turbine engine turbine blade or turbine vane. It is of particular us on cooled turbine blades and turbine vanes which have ceramic thermal barrier coatings, because the superalloy is compatible with the ceramic thermal barrier coating to minimise spalling. The superalloy has better mechanical properties than other second-generation single crystal superalloys and has better creep strength and oxidation resistance.