Abstract: A composite structure for an electric energy storage device is envisioned. The structure is made of a metal substrate and a metal oxide layer disposed over a majority of the metal substrate with the metal oxide layer being comprised of a first and second metals. Carbon nanotubes are disposed on the metal oxide layer. In an embodiment the first metal and the second metal are each selected from a group consisting of: iron, nickel, aluminum, cobalt, copper, chromium, and gold.

Abstract: A composite structure for an electric energy storage device is envisioned. The structure is made of a metal substrate and a metal oxide layer disposed over a majority of the metal substrate with the metal oxide layer being comprised of a first and second metals. Carbon nanotubes are disposed on the metal oxide layer. In an embodiment the first metal and the second metal are each selected from a group consisting of: iron, nickel, aluminum, cobalt, copper, chromium, and gold.

Abstract: A composite structure for an electric energy storage device is envisioned. The structure is made of a metal substrate and a metal oxide layer disposed over a majority of the metal substrate with the metal oxide layer being comprised of a first and second metals. Carbon nanotubes are disposed on the metal oxide layer. In an embodiment the first metal and the second metal are each selected from a group consisting of: iron, nickel, aluminum, cobalt, copper, chromium, and gold.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the controlled fabrication of nanostructures using catalyst retaining structures is disclosed. The apparatus includes one or more modified force microscopes having a nanotube attached to the tip portion of the microscopes. An electric current is passed from the nanotube to a catalyst layer of a substrate, thereby causing a localized chemical reaction to occur in a resist layer adjacent the catalyst layer. The region of the resist layer where the chemical reaction occurred is etched, thereby exposing a catalyst particle or particles in the catalyst layer surrounded by a wall of unetched resist material. Subsequent chemical vapor deposition causes growth of a nanostructure to occur upward through the wall of unetched resist material having controlled characteristics of height and diameter and, for parallel systems, number density.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the controlled fabrication of nanostructures using catalyst retaining structures is disclosed. The apparatus includes one or more modified force microscopes having a nanotube attached to the tip portion of the microscopes. An electric current is passed from the nanotube to a catalyst layer of a substrate, thereby causing a localized chemical reaction to occur in a resist layer adjacent the catalyst layer. The region of the resist layer where the chemical reaction occurred is etched, thereby exposing a catalyst particle or particles in the catalyst layer surrounded by a wall of unetched resist material. Subsequent chemical vapor deposition causes growth of a nanostructure to occur upward through the wall of unetched resist material having controlled characteristics of height and diameter and, for parallel systems, number density.