Abstract: In one embodiment, an indication that a decision has been requested, selected, or applied with respect to one or more users may be obtained. After the indication that a decision that has been requested, selected, or applied is obtained, a value function may be updated, where the value function approximates an expected reward associated with the one or more users over time since the decision has been requested, selected, or applied with respect to the one or more users. The value function may be updated by performing or providing one or more updates to the value function, where a time at which each of the one or more updates is performed or provided is independent of activity of the one or more users.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an indication of a Decision Request or an Update Request may be received, where the Update Request is activated independent of user activity. A user state pertaining to at least one user may be received, obtained, accessed or constructed. For the Decision Request, one or more actions may be scored according to one or more value functions associated with a computing device, a policy associated with the computing device may be applied to identify one of the scored actions as a decision, and an indication of the decision may be provided or applied. For the Update Request, the one or more value functions and/or the policy may be updated. An indication of updates to the one or more value functions and/or an indication of updates to the policy may be provided.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an indication of a Decision Request or an Update Request may be received, where the Update Request is activated independent of user activity. A user state pertaining to at least one user may be received, obtained, accessed or constructed. For the Decision Request, one or more actions may be scored according to one or more value functions associated with a computing device, a policy associated with the computing device may be applied to identify one of the scored actions as a decision, and an indication of the decision may be provided or applied. For the Update Request, the one or more value functions and/or the policy may be updated. An indication of updates to the one or more value functions and/or an indication of updates to the policy may be provided.