Abstract: A process for converting synthesis gas to olefins or higher alcohols depending on operating pressure includes an alkali metal-containing cobalt synthesis gas conversion catalyst. The process allows great flexibility in selecting the product mix by changing process conditions.

Abstract: A two-stage process for converting synthesis gas to higher alcohols includes an alkali metal-containing cobalt synthesis gas conversion catalyst in a first stage and a copper-containing catalyst in a second stage. The process allows great flexibility in selecting the product mix by changing catalyst compositions and process conditions.

Abstract: A catalyzed, continuous vapor phase process to convert a C.sub.2 or higher alcohol and, optionally, one or more C.sub.1 or higher alcohols, for example methanol and ethanol, to a mixture containing at least one higher molecular weight alcohol, for example, isobutanol, over a catalyst which is essentially magnesium oxide. The process also may have a lower aldehyde and/or ketone in the feed.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising at least one metal-containing spinel which includes a first metal and a second metal having a valence higher than the valence of the first metal, a minor amount of at least one-third metal component effective to promote the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at sulfur dioxide oxidation conditions, and a minor amount of at least one-fourth metal component effective to promote the reduction of first metal sulfate at first metal sulfate reduction conditions. These compositions are useful, e.g., in hydrocarbon conversion processes, to reduce sulfur oxide and/or nitrogen oxide atmospheric emissions.

Abstract: A process for the removal of sulfur oxides from a gas which comprises (a) contacting the sulfur oxide-containing gas with at least one of certain metal, oxygen-containing components, e.g., modified perovskite-type components, at conditions effective to associate at least a portion of the sulfur oxides with the component to reduce the amount of sulfur oxides in the gas; and (b) contacting the component containing associated sulfur oxides at conditions effective to reduce the amount of sulfur associated with the component.

Abstract: An improved process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst which is periodically regenerated to remove carbonaceous deposits, the catalyst being comprised of a mixture containing, as a major component, solid particles capable of promoting hydrocarbon conversion at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, and, as a minor component, discrete entities comprising at least one spinel, preferably alkaline earth metal-containing spinel, and a minor amount of at least one added component selected from the group consisting of alkali metal components, calcium components, barium components, strontium components, beryllium components and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising at least one metal-containing spinel which includes a first metal and a second metal having a valence higher than the valence of the first metal, a minor amount of at least one third metal component effective to promote the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide at sulfur dioxide oxidation conditions, and a minor amount of at least one fourth metal component effective to promote the reduction of first metal sulfate at first metal sulfate reduction conditions. These compositions are useful, e.g., in hydrocarbon conversion processes, to reduce sulfur oxide and/or nitrogen oxide atmospheric emissions.

Abstract: An improved process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst which is periodically regenerated to remove carbonaceous deposits, the catalyst being comprised of a mixture containing, as a major component, solid particles capable of promoting hydrocarbon conversion at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, and, as a minor component, discrete entities comprising at least one spinel, preferably alkaline earth metal-containing spinel, and a minor amount of at least one added component selected from the group consisting of alkali metal components, calcium components, barium components, strontium components, beryllium components and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of alkaline earth, aluminum-containing spinel compositions, preferably magnesium, aluminum-containing spinel compositions and preferably further comprising at least one additional metal component, comprises combining at least one alkaline earth metal component; at least one organic compound having inherent basicity, and at least one aluminum component at selected pH conditions to form a precipitate and calcining the precipitate to form a spinel composition. The product spinel composition, prepared in the presence of such an organic template and preferably with included additional metal components, is particularly suited for use to reduce the amount of sulfur oxides emitted from a catalyst regeneration zone, e.g., a catalytic cracking unit regeneration zone.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of alkaline earth, aluminum-containing spinel compositions, preferably magnesium, aluminum-containing spinel compositions and preferably further comprising at least one additional metal component, comprises combining at least one alkaline earth metal component; at least one solid organic material acting to alter at least one property of the spinel composition and being capable of being at least partially combusted during the calcination step described hereinafter, and at least one aluminum component at selected pH conditions to form a precipitate and calcining the precipitate to form a spinel composition. The product spinel composition, prepared in the presence of a solid organic material and preferably with included additional metal components, is particularly suited for use to reduce the amount of sulfur oxides emitted from a catalyst regeneration zone, e.g., a catalytic cracking unit regeneration zone.