Abstract: A visible light cationically photopolymerizable composition is provided. This composition includes an expanding monomer and a dioxirane. More specifically, the expanding monomer used in this composition is one or more dioxiranyl tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecanes. The composition of the present invention may be used as a matrix resin for dental restorative materials. Another embodiment of the present invention is various novel dioxiranyl tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecanes.

Abstract: A visible light cationically photopolymerizable composition is provided. This composition includes an expanding monomer and a dioxirane. More specifically, the expanding monomer used in this composition is one or more dioxiranyl tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecanes. The composition of the present invention may be used as a matrix resin for dental restorative materials. Another embodiment of the present invention is various novel dioxiranyl tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecanes.

Abstract: A visible light cationically photopolymerizable composition is provided. This composition includes an expanding monomer and a dioxirane. More specifically, the expanding monomer used in this composition is one or more dioxiranyl tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecanes. The composition of the present invention may be used as a matrix resin for dental restorative materials. Another embodiment of the present invention is various novel dioxiranyl tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecanes.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable compositions are provided which are the reaction products of a vinyl ether, a photoinitiator system comprising an iodonium salt, a visible light sensitizer, and an electron donor compound. These monomeric/oligomeric compositions may also include epoxides, polyols, spiroorthocarbonates. One embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, a spiroorthocarbonate, and a photoinitiator system. Another embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, an epoxide, a polyol, and a photoinitiator system. Still another embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, an epoxide, a polyol, a spiroorthocarbonate, and a photoinitiator system. Still further, another embodiment of the present invention is certain novel spiroorthocarbonate compounds. Each of these novel spiroorthocarbonate compounds include at least one epoxy group as a substituent.

Abstract: A visible light cationically photopolymerizable composition is provided. This composition includes an expanding monomer and a dioxirane. More specifically, the expanding monomer used in this composition is one or more dioxiranyl tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecanes. The composition of the present invention may be used as a matrix resin for dental restorative materials. Another embodiment of the present invention is various novel dioxiranyl tetraoxaspiro [5.5]undecanes.

Abstract: An adhesive composition that includes a mixture of a cationically polymerizable component, an acidic component, and an initiator is provided. Preferably, the initiator comprises an iodonium salt, a visible light sensitizer, and an electron donor compound, wherein the initiator has a photoinduced potential greater than or equal to that of N,N-dimethylaniline in a standard solution of 2.9×10−5 moles/g diphenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate and 1.5×10−5 moles/g camphorquinone in 2-butanone. This adhesive composition is cationically polymerizable and is able to bond to hard tissue and cationic restorative materials upon curing.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable compositions are provided which are the reaction products of a vinyl ether, a photoinitiator system comprising an iodonium salt, a visible light sensitizer, and an electron donor compound. These monomeric/oligomeric compositions may also include epoxides, polyols, spiroorthocarbonates. One embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, a spiroorthocarbonate, and a photoinitiator system. Another embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, an epoxide, a polyol, and a photoinitiator system. Still another embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, an epoxide, a polyol, a spiroorthocarbonate, and a photoinitiator system.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable compositions are provided which are the reaction products of a vinyl ether, a photoinitiator system comprising an iodonium salt, a visible light sensitizer, and an electron donor compound. These monomeric/oligomeric compositions may also include epoxides, polyols, spiroorthocarbonates. One embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, a spiroorthocarbonate, and a photoinitiator system. Another embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, an epoxide, a polyol, and a photoinitiator system. Still another embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, an epoxide, a polyol, a spiroorthocarbonate, and a photoinitiator system. Still further, another embodiment of the present invention is certain novel spiroorthocarbonate compounds. Each of these novel spiroorthocarbonate compounds include at least one epoxy group as a substituent.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable compositions are provided which are the reaction products of a vinyl ether, a photoinitiator system comprising an iodonium salt, a visible light sensitizer, and an electron donor compound. These monomeric/oligomeric compositions may also include epoxides, polyols, spiroorthocarbonates. One embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, a spiroorthocarbonate, and a photoinitiator system. Another embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, an epoxide, a polyol, and a photoinitiator system. Still another embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, an epoxide, a polyol, a spiroorthocarbonate, and a photoinitiator system.

Abstract: Copolymer compositions are provided, including those which undergo less than .+-.1.0% bulk polymerization shrinkage and are useful as strain-free composites, high-strength adhesives, and precision castings. The copolymer compositions are formed from the cationic initiated polymerization of alicyclic spiroorthocarbonate monomers and epoxy resin monomers or comonomers. A preferred spiroorthocarbonate monomer is 2,3,8,9-di(tetramethylene)-1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro-[5,5]undecane. A preferred epoxy resin is a three component epoxy comonomer mixture of (i) diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, (ii) 3,4-epoxycyclohexanemethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, and (iii) vinyl cyclohexene dioxide, preferably in a ratio of 5:4:1 by weight.

Abstract: Polymeric compositions are provided which are the reaction product of spiroorthocarbonates and epoxy resins and undergo reduced bulk polymerization shrinkage. The spiroorthocarbonates are of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X=O or S;R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, and substituted aryl;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 =--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--R.sub.5 ;n=1 or 2;R.sub.5 =alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, substituted alkyl, ##STR2## R.sub.6 =H, alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, or substituted aryl; and R.sub.7 =alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, or substituted aryl.

Abstract: Copolymer compositions are provided, including those which undergo less than .+-.1.0% bulk polymerization shrinkage and are useful as strain-free composites, high-strength adhesives, and precision castings. The copolymer compositions are formed from the cationic initiated polymerization of alicyclic spiroorthocarbonate monomers and epoxy resin monomers or comonomers. A preferred spiroorthocarbonate monomer is 2,3,8,9-di(tetramethylene)-1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro-[5,5]undecane. A preferred epoxy resin is a three component epoxy comonomer mixture of (i) diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, (ii) 3,4-epoxycyclohexanemethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, and (iii) vinyl cyclohexene dioxide, preferably in a ratio of 5:4:1 by weight.

Abstract: Compounds are described which are S-(.omega.-hydroxyalkyl) esters of thioacrylic and thiomethacrylic acids. The compounds have the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is hydrogen or methyl; andn is 1, 2 or 3.These compounds can be used as conditioners to enhance the wettability of dentinal surfaces, can be employed as chemical tracers to characterize the wetting of dentinal surfaces, and can be copolymerized in situ to form potential dentinal bonding systems. The compounds can also be homopolymerized and copolymerized to form other useful products.

Abstract: Novel trans-beta-isocyanatoacrylate esters, their preparation and use in forming novel polymeric compositions, including polymers useful as adhesives, are disclosed. The trans-beta-isocyanatoacrylate esters have the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 linear or branched alkyls; C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl; aryl; alkaryl; aralkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 halogenated alkyl; halogenated aryl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxyalkyl; or alkoxyaryl.

Abstract: Novel trans-beta-isocyanatoacrylate esters, their preparation and use in forming novel polymeric compositions, including polymers useful as adhesives, are disclosed. The trans-beta-isocyanatoacrylate esters have the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 linear or branched alkyls; C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl; aryl; alkaryl; aralkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 halogenated alkyl; halogenated aryl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxyalkyl; or alkoxyaryl.

Abstract: A coating composition for marine structures containing a soluble acrylic organotin polymer and a soluble metal-free acrylic polymer, in combination with an insoluble crosslinked organotin polymer, and an insoluble filler in a coating composition solvent can provide a tough, durable flexible coating and can provide extended protection to marine structures from the growth or accumulation of marine organisms.

Abstract: An improved pile driving cap block cushion material is the subject of this invention. The material is a thermoplastic material characterized by being in particulate form, fiber filled (preferably glass fiber filled), having a melting point of 125.degree. C. or higher, a secant modulus of elasticity of from 50,000 to 800,000 p.s.i. and a coefficient of restitution of from 0.4 to 0.9. A number of thermoplastic materials are suitable for forming the material of the invention and include polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyimides, polyamide-imide copolymers, acetal homopolymers, acetal copolymers, fluoroplastics, polyphenyl oxides, copolyesters, polyetherimides, polystyrenes, polyvinyls, and polysulfones. A particularly useful group of materials is poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate), nylon 6 and nylon 66. Additives such as antioxidants, heat stabilizers, reinforcers and colorants may also be added.

Abstract: An improved pile driving cap block cushion is the subject of this invention. The material is a glass filled thermoplastic characterized by a melting point of 125.degree. C. or higher, a secant modulus of elasticity of from 50,000 to 800,000 p.s.i. and a coefficient of restitution of from 0.4 to 0.9. A number of thermoplastics are suitable for forming the material of the invention and include polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyimides, polyamide-imide copolymers, acetal homopolymers, acetal copolymers, fluoroplastics, polyphenyl oxides, copolyesters, polyetherimides, polystyrenes, polyvinyls, and polysulfones. A particularly useful group of materials is poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate) nylon 6 and nylon 66. Additives such as antioxidants, heat stabilizers, reinforcers and colorants may also be added.

Abstract: A coating composition for marine structures containing a soluble acrylic organotin polymer and a soluble metal-free acrylic polymer, in combination with an insoluble crosslinked organotin polymer, and an insoluble filler in a coating composition solvent can provide a tough, durable flexible coating and can provide extended protection to marine structures from the growth or accumulation of marine organisms.