Abstract: A current signal from a current sensor of an electrical network is obtained. The current signal is transformed to a voltage signal. A certain range of frequencies of the voltage signal are selected using a filter. The certain range of frequencies of the voltage signal are amplified. The amplified certain range of frequencies of the voltage signal are converted from analog to an aliased digitized signal using an undersampling scheme. A power of the aliased digitized signal is computed.

Abstract: A device may determine, by a microprocessor, whether the circuit breaker is performing a task which is already in progress, wherein when the determine is that the circuit breaker is performing the task, store the second firmware data to a second location of the memory. A device may receive, by a circuit breaker, a second firmware data transmitted from a computing device, wherein the circuit breaker already has a first firmware data stored in a first location of memory. A device may the first location of the memory being a firmware location for execution to operate the circuit breaker according to the first firmware data. A device may set, by the microprocessor, the second location of the memory as the firmware location, wherein the reset of the circuit breaker executes the second firmware data at the second location to operate the circuit breaker according to the second firmware data.

Abstract: A device may determine, by a microprocessor, whether the circuit breaker is performing a task which is already in progress, wherein when the determine is that the circuit breaker is performing the task, store the second firmware data to a second location of the memory. A device may receive, by a circuit breaker, a second firmware data transmitted from a computing device, wherein the circuit breaker already has a first firmware data stored in a first location of memory. A device may the first location of the memory being a firmware location for execution to operate the circuit breaker according to the first firmware data. A device may set, by the microprocessor, the second location of the memory as the firmware location, wherein the reset of the circuit breaker executes the second firmware data at the second location to operate the circuit breaker according to the second firmware data.

Abstract: A GFCI includes a current sensor system providing a current sensor signal indicating a leakage current of the AC power system. At least one signal conditioning channel conditions the current sensor signal to provide a conditioned current sensor signal. An integrated circuit-based controller is configured to receive the conditioned current sensor signal. The integrated circuit-based controller is configured to execute instructions stored in at least one nontransitory memory medium to determine at least one frequency value and at least one magnitude value of the conditioned current sensor signal, evaluate a trip condition in response to the at least one frequency value and the at least one magnitude value, and provide a fault trip signal in response to evaluation of the trip condition. A circuit breaker mechanism is configured to open a circuit of the AC power system in response to the fault trip signal.

Abstract: A circuit breaker is provided that may be plugged onto an electrical panel. The circuit breaker is preferably a low voltage circuit breaker in the range of 120-240 volts. The circuit breaker has an electrical clip with a curved inner surface that contacts a curved outer surface of an electrical connector on the electrical panel.

Abstract: A GFCI includes a current sensor system providing a current sensor signal indicating a leakage current of the AC power system. At least one signal conditioning channel conditions the current sensor signal to provide a conditioned current sensor signal. An integrated circuit-based controller is configured to receive the conditioned current sensor signal. The integrated circuit-based controller is configured to execute instructions stored in at least one nontransitory memory medium to determine at least one frequency value and at least one magnitude value of the conditioned current sensor signal, evaluate a trip condition in response to the at least one frequency value and the at least one magnitude value, and provide a fault trip signal in response to evaluation of the trip condition. A circuit breaker mechanism is configured to open a circuit of the AC power system in response to the fault trip signal.

Abstract: A GFCI includes a current sensor system providing a current sensor signal indicating a leakage current of the AC power system. A magnitude detector is configured to provide a first channel signal indicating an RMS value of the current sensor signal. A reference signal generator is configured to provide a second channel signal indicating a trip reference value responsive to a frequency of the current sensor signal. A fault detector is configured to provide a fault trip signal indicating ground fault condition of the AC power system in response to the first channel signal and the second channel signal. A circuit breaker mechanism is configured to open a circuit of the AC power system in response to the fault trip signal.

Abstract: A GFCI includes a current sensor system providing a current sensor signal indicating a leakage current of the AC power system. A magnitude detector is configured to provide a first channel signal indicating an RMS value of the current sensor signal. A reference signal generator is configured to provide a second channel signal indicating a trip reference value responsive to a frequency of the current sensor signal. A fault detector is configured to provide a fault trip signal indicating ground fault condition of the AC power system in response to the first channel signal and the second channel signal. A circuit breaker mechanism is configured to open a circuit of the AC power system in response to the fault trip signal.

Abstract: A circuit breaker is provided that may be plugged onto an electrical panel. The circuit breaker is preferably a low voltage circuit breaker in the range of 120-240 volts. The circuit breaker has an electrical clip with a curved inner surface that contacts a curved outer surface of an electrical connector on the electrical panel.

Abstract: An ablative plasma gun having a dual power source pulse generator is configured to generate a high voltage low current pulse and a low voltage high current pulse. A pair of electrodes are disposed and configured to receive the high voltage low current pulse, and to receive the low voltage high current pulse in response to the high voltage low current pulse.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter for interrupting current on a line conductor is provided. The circuit interrupter includes separable contacts, a trip mechanism, a bimetal, a microprocessor, a series arc detection sequence, a low-pass filter circuit, and a high-pass filter circuit. The trip mechanism selectively opens the separable contacts when activated. The series arc detection sequence is resident on the microprocessor and includes a plurality of series fault detection algorithms. The low-pass filter circuit provides a low-pass signal to the series arc detection sequence. The high-pass filter circuit provides a high-pass signal to the series arc detection sequence. The sequence selects a particular algorithm from the plurality of algorithms based on the low-pass signal. The sequence calculates a plurality of statistical features from the high-pass signal and sends an output signal to activate the trip mechanism based on a comparison of the plurality of statistical features to the particular algorithm.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter for interrupting current on a line conductor is provided. The circuit interrupter includes separable contacts, a trip mechanism, a bimetal, a microprocessor, a series arc detection sequence, a low-pass filter circuit, and a high-pass filter circuit. The trip mechanism selectively opens the separable contacts when activated. The series arc detection sequence is resident on the microprocessor and includes a plurality of series fault detection algorithms. The low-pass filter circuit provides a low-pass signal to the series arc detection sequence. The high-pass filter circuit provides a high-pass signal to the series arc detection sequence. The sequence selects a particular algorithm from the plurality of algorithms based on the low-pass signal. The sequence calculates a plurality of statistical features from the high-pass signal and sends an output signal to activate the trip mechanism based on a comparison of the plurality of statistical features to the particular algorithm.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter for interrupting current on a line conductor is provided. The circuit interrupter includes separable contacts, a trip mechanism, a bimetal, a microprocessor, a series arc detection sequence, a low-pass filter circuit, and a high-pass filter circuit. The trip mechanism selectively opens the separable contacts when activated. The series arc detection sequence is resident on the microprocessor and includes a plurality of series fault detection algorithms. The low-pass filter circuit provides a low-pass signal to the series arc detection sequence. The high-pass filter circuit provides a high-pass signal to the series arc detection sequence. The sequence selects a particular algorithm from the plurality of algorithms based on the low-pass signal. The sequence calculates a plurality of statistical features from the high-pass signal and sends an output signal to activate the trip mechanism based on a comparison of the plurality of statistical features to the particular algorithm.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter for interrupting current on a line conductor is provided. The circuit interrupter includes separable contacts, a trip mechanism, a bimetal, a microprocessor, a series arc detection sequence, a low-pass filter circuit, and a high-pass filter circuit. The trip mechanism selectively opens the separable contacts when activated. The series arc detection sequence is resident on the microprocessor and includes a plurality of series fault detection algorithms. The low-pass filter circuit provides a low-pass signal to the series arc detection sequence. The high-pass filter circuit provides a high-pass signal to the series arc detection sequence. The sequence selects a particular algorithm from the plurality of algorithms based on the low-pass signal. The sequence calculates a plurality of statistical features from the high-pass signal and sends an output signal to activate the trip mechanism based on a comparison of the plurality of statistical features to the particular algorithm.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling the operation of a solenoid in a circuit breaker includes a control circuit configured to receive an activation signal in response to a predetermined condition. The control circuit, in response to said activation signal, provides a first energizing signal to the solenoid for a first predetermined period, and cuts off the first energizing signal for a second predetermined period. The control circuit further provides a second energizing signal to the solenoid for a third predetermined period.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling the operation of a solenoid includes a control circuit configured to receive an activation signal in response to a predetermined condition. The control circuit, in response to said activation signal, provides a first energizing signal to the solenoid for a first predetermined period, and cuts off the first energizing signal for a second predetermined period. The control circuit further provides a second energizing signal to the solenoid for a third predetermined period.

Abstract: A measurement and control apparatus is disclosed having power input terminals configured to connect with a power source, power output terminals configured to connect with a load, the output terminals being switchably connected to the input terminals, and an actuator configured to switchably connect and disconnect the output terminals to the input terminals upon command. The control apparatus also includes circuitry configured to measure the voltage applied to and the current supplied to the load, circuitry configured to transmit data representative of the applied voltage and the supplied current to a control unit, and circuitry configured to receive a command from the control unit, and in response thereto to switchably connect and disconnect the output terminals from the input terminals.

Abstract: An electrical sub-metering system for making available information associated with power consumption of at least one circuit of a plurality of circuits is disclosed. The system includes an electrical panel board configured to distribute power to the plurality of circuits, a circuit breaker in power connection with a conductor of the at least one circuit, a voltage sensor, a hub to collect the information associated with power consumption from the voltage sensor and the circuit breaker, and a data collector to collect and make available to a user the information associated with power consumption. The circuit breaker includes a current measuring device to measure current through the at least one circuit and is in signal communication with the hub via a single communication interface that has a plurality of communication paths.

Abstract: An electrical sub-metering system for making available information associated with power consumption is disclosed. The system includes an electrical panel board configured to distribute power to a plurality of circuits, means for measuring voltage of each circuit, a module including means for measuring current flow, a hub in signal communication with the module and the means for measuring voltage, and a data collector in signal communication with the hub. The hub is configured to collect the information associated with power consumption from the means for measuring voltage and the module, and the data collector is configured to collect and make available to a user the information associated with power consumption for each circuit. The module is in signal communication with the hub via a single communication link, the single communication link having a plurality of communication paths.

Abstract: A current sensing module for disposal proximate a conductor is disclosed. The current sensing module includes a housing having a first section and a second section that together define an opening for receiving the conductor therethrough. The second section is in operable connection with the first section. The current sensing module further includes a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) based current sensor disposed within the first section proximate the opening for receiving the conductor.