Abstract: A method for improving a 4-dimensional (4D) repeatability by modifying a given path to be followed by a source during a seismic survey. The method includes receiving the given path at a control device associated with a vehicle that caries the source; following the given path during a first seismic survey that is a baseline survey for the 4D seismic survey; deviating from the given path to follow a new path when encountering an obstacle on the given path; and updating the given path, based on the new path, to obtain an updated given path when a deviation condition is met.

Abstract: A system and method for performing seismic exploration with multiple acquisition systems is disclosed. The method includes configuring a first seismic source located outside of an exclusion zone and configuring a second seismic source located inside of the exclusion zone. The method further includes obtaining a first seismic dataset corresponding to a first seismic signal emitted by the first seismic source and obtaining a second seismic dataset corresponding to a second seismic signal emitted by the second seismic source. The method further includes combining the first and second datasets to create a complete dataset covering a survey area and creating a seismic image of a subsurface of the survey area.

Abstract: Systems and methods for deghosting seismic data using migration of sparse arrays are disclosed. The methods may include obtaining input seismic data, the input seismic data including a first set of seismic data recorded by a first set of seismic receivers located at a first depth, and a second set of seismic data recorded by a second set of seismic receivers located at a second depth. The method may further include migrating the first set of seismic data to an image grid, and migrating the second set of seismic data to the image grid. Additionally, the method may further include calculating a ghost wave based on the first and second sets of migrated seismic data, and deghosting the first set of migrated seismic data by removing the ghost wave.

Abstract: A system and method for generating simultaneous plural frequencies in seismic exploration is disclosed. The method includes configuring a seismic source to emit a seismic signal that includes multiple frequencies emitted substantially simultaneously. The method additionally includes identifying a plurality of frequencies to include in the seismic signal and determining an amplitude of the seismic signal. The method further includes obtaining a seismic dataset corresponding to the seismic signal emitted by the seismic source and creating a seismic image of a subsurface of a seismic survey area.

Abstract: A system and method for discontinuous spectrum emission in seismic exploration is disclosed. The method may include determining a minimum frequency to be emitted by a seismic source in a frequency spectrum. The method may further include selecting a maximum frequency to be emitted by the seismic source in the frequency spectrum. The method may include identifying a portion of the spectrum between the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency where a reduced signal will be emitted by the seismic source. The method may finally include emitting, by the seismic source, a seismic signal according to the frequency spectrum and the identified portion of the frequency spectrum with the reduced signal.

Abstract: The disclosed method includes receiving resulting signals emanating from a subterranean formation, wherein the resulting signals are caused by signals emitted from seismic sources. The method further includes dividing the resulting signals into a plurality of sub-samples. The method includes determining a frequency content of one or more of the sub-samples and assigning a weight to or more components of the frequency content of the sub-sample to produce a weighted frequency content of the sub-sample, wherein the assigned weight is based, at least in part, on an estimate of the amount of noise present in the frequency content of the sub-sample. The method further includes combining the weighted frequency contents of the sub-samples to produce a weighted sample. The method further includes determining one or more properties of the subsurface formation based, at least in part, on the weighted sample.

Abstract: A system and method for generating simultaneous plural frequencies in seismic exploration is disclosed. The method includes configuring a seismic source to emit a seismic signal that includes multiple frequencies emitted substantially simultaneously. The method additionally includes identifying a plurality of frequencies to include in the seismic signal and determining an amplitude of the seismic signal. The method further includes obtaining a seismic dataset corresponding to the seismic signal emitted by the seismic source and creating a seismic image of a subsurface of a seismic survey area.

Abstract: The disclosed method includes receiving resulting signals emanating from a subterranean formation, wherein the resulting signals are caused by signals emitted from seismic sources. The method further includes dividing the resulting signals into a plurality of sub-samples. The method includes determining a frequency content of one or more of the sub-samples and assigning a weight to or more components of the frequency content of the sub-sample to produce a weighted frequency content of the sub-sample, wherein the assigned weight is based, at least in part, on an estimate of the amount of noise present in the frequency content of the sub-sample. The method further includes combining the weighted frequency contents of the sub-samples to produce a weighted sample. The method further includes determining one or more properties of the subsurface formation based, at least in part, on the weighted sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a method for reducing noise in seismic data using a frequency dependent calendar filter. The method for reducing noise in input seismic trace data includes obtaining a plurality of input seismic trace data, the plurality of input seismic trace data including a plurality of controlled signals and a plurality of uncontrolled signals, identifying a frequency content of the plurality of uncontrolled signals, and selecting a frequency dependent calendar filter based on the frequency content of the plurality of uncontrolled signals. The method further includes applying the frequency dependent calendar filter to the plurality of input seismic data to generate a plurality of output noise-reduced seismic traces. The present disclosure also includes associated systems and apparatuses.

Abstract: A system and method for correcting data after component replacement in continuous seismic exploration disclosed. The method includes calculating a first matching operator after a first component is replaced with a second component. The first matching operator is based on a first seismic trace recorded before replacement of the first component and a second seismic trace recorded after replacement of the first component. The method further includes correcting the second seismic trace by applying the first matching operator to the second seismic trace.

Abstract: Apparatus, computer instructions and method for controlling an energy output of a source array to be used in a seismic survey for illuminating a subsurface. The method includes generating a model (?) based on up-going (U) and down-going (D) components of seismic waves generated by source elements that form the source array; calculating the amplitudes and phases of each source element based on the model (?); and driving the source array based on the calculated amplitudes and phases for the source elements so that a ghost generated by the source array is reduced at emission.

Abstract: A system and method for performing seismic exploration with multiple acquisition systems is disclosed. The method includes configuring a first seismic source located outside of an exclusion zone and configuring a second seismic source located inside of the exclusion zone. The method further includes obtaining a first seismic dataset corresponding to a first seismic signal emitted by the first seismic source and obtaining a second seismic dataset corresponding to a second seismic signal emitted by the second seismic source. The method further includes combining the first and second datasets to create a complete dataset covering a survey area and creating a seismic image of a subsurface of the survey area.

Abstract: A system and method for discontinuous spectrum emission in seismic exploration is disclosed. The method may include determining a minimum frequency to be emitted by a seismic source in a frequency spectrum. The method may further include selecting a maximum frequency to be emitted by the seismic source in the frequency spectrum. The method may include identifying a portion of the spectrum between the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency where a reduced signal will be emitted by the seismic source. The method may finally include emitting, by the seismic source, a seismic signal according to the frequency spectrum and the identified portion of the frequency spectrum with the reduced signal.

Abstract: Apparatus, computer instructions and method for controlling an energy output of a source array to be used in a seismic survey for illuminating a subsurface. The method includes generating a model (?) based on up-going (U) and down-going (D) components of seismic waves generated by source elements that form the source array; calculating the amplitudes and phases of each source element based on the model (?); and driving the source array based on the calculated amplitudes and phases for the source elements so that a ghost generated by the source array is reduced at emission.

Abstract: A method for improving a 4-dimensional (4D) repeatability by modifying a given path to be followed by a source during a seismic survey. The method includes receiving the given path at a control device associated with a vehicle that caries the source; following the given path during a first seismic survey that is a baseline survey for the 4D seismic survey; deviating from the given path to follow a new path when encountering an obstacle on the given path; and updating the given path, based on the new path, to obtain an updated given path when a deviation condition is met.