Abstract: A method is provided for correcting a reconstruction artefact of a three-dimensional tomographic image. The method includes the steps of providing an acquired three-dimensional tomographic image from a cell group, and applying the image to a neural network trained in advance to determine a corrected tomographic image.

Abstract: A light beam is imaged within a sample and images of the sample are generated based on light received from the sample in response to the light imaged within the sample. A wavefront modulating element modifies a wavefront of the received light and/or a wavefront of the light imaged within the sample. One or more known aberrations are introduced into at least one image of the sample and, based on at least two images of the sample, where the images include a raw image and at least one image that includes a known aberration, an aberration of a wavefront of light emitted from, and/or provided to, the sample is estimated. The wavefront modulating element is controlled to modulate the wavefront of light emitted from, and/or provided to, the sample, such that the estimated aberration of the wavefront of light emitted from, and/or provided to, the sample is reduced.

Abstract: A method for determining a state of a cell, the cell being placed in a sample in contact with a culture medium, includes illuminating the sample with a light source and acquiring an image of the sample with an image sensor, the image sensor lying in a detection plane. From the acquired image, a position of the cell in a plane parallel to the detection plane is located and a refractive index or a relative refractive index of the cell is estimated, the relative refractive index corresponding to a refractive index of the cell relative to the refractive index of the culture medium. From the estimation, an index of interest of the cell is determined. From the index, a state of the cell among predetermined states is classified, the predetermined states including at least one apoptosis state and one living state.

Abstract: A method is provided for correcting a reconstruction artefact of a three-dimensional tomographic image. The method includes the steps of providing an acquired three-dimensional tomographic image from a cell group, and applying the image to a neural network trained in advance to determine a corrected tomographic image.

Abstract: A method for determining a state of a cell, the cell being placed in a sample, in contact with a culture medium, the method comprising: illuminating the sample with a light source and acquiring an image of the sample with an image sensor, the image sensor lying in a detection plane; from the acquired image, locating a position of the cell in a plane parallel to the detection plane; the method further comprising: from the acquired image, estimating a refractive index of the cell or a relative refractive index of the cell, the relative refractive index corresponding to a refractive index of the cell relative to the refractive index of the culture medium; from the estimation of the refractive index or of the relative refractive index, determining an index of interest of the cell; from the index of interest, classifying a state of the cell among predetermined states, the predetermined states comprising at least one apoptosis state and one living state.

Abstract: A device for observing a biological sample is provided, including: a light source to emit a light beam at a wavelength between 1 ?m and 20 ?m; an image sensor including pixels defining a detection plane; a holder to hold the sample between the source and the sensor at a distance from the plane smaller than 1 mm, such that the source is configured to illuminate an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2, no image-forming optics are placed between the sample and the sensor, and the sensor is configured to acquire an image corresponding to an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2 and representative of an absorption of the beam by the sample at the wavelength; and a processor to determine a map of an amount of analyte in the sample, based on the image acquired by the sensor, the analyte absorbing light at the wavelength.

Abstract: A method for observing a sample (10), the sample lying in a plane of the sample defining radial coordinates, the method comprising the following steps: a) illuminating the sample using a light source (11), able to emit an incident light wave (12) that propagates toward the sample along a propagation axis (Z); b) acquiring, using an image sensor (16), an image (I0) of the sample (10), said image being formed in a detection plane (P0), the sample being placed between the light source (11) and the image sensor (16), such that the incident light wave sees an optical path difference, parallel to the propagation axis (Z), by passing through the sample; c) processing the image acquired by the image sensor; wherein the processing of the acquired image comprises taking into account vectors of parameters, respectively defined at a plurality of radial coordinates, in the plane of the sample, each vector of parameters being associated with one radial coordinate, and comprising a term representative of an optical para

Abstract: A method for observation of a sample, the sample comprising microorganisms immersed in a nontransparent culture medium, the culture medium being favorable to the development of the microorganisms, and the sample being arranged between a light source and an image sensor, includes illuminating the sample with the light source, the light source emitting light propagating along an axis of propagation; acquiring an image of the sample by the image sensor; and, from the image acquired, characterizing the microorganisms. Light travels along the microorganisms through the culture medium to the sensor.

Abstract: A method for observing a sample, the sample lying in a sample plane defining radial positions, parameters of the sample being defined at each radial position, the method comprising: a) illuminating the sample using a light source, emitting an incident light wave that propagates toward the sample; b) acquiring, using an image sensor, an image of the sample, said image being formed in a detection plane, the sample being placed between the light source and the image sensor; c) processing the image acquired by the image sensor, so as to obtain an image of the sample, the image of the sample corresponding to a distribution of at least one parameter of the sample describing the sample in the sample plane; wherein the processing of the acquired image comprises implementing an iterative method, followed by applying a supervised machine learning algorithm, so as to obtain an initialization image intended to initialize the iterative method.

Abstract: A device for observing a biological sample is provided, including: a light source to emit a light beam at a wavelength between 1 ?m and 20 ?m; an image sensor including pixels defining a detection plane; a holder to hold the sample between the source and the sensor at a distance from the plane smaller than 1 mm, such that the source is configured to illuminate an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2, no image-forming optics are placed between the sample and the sensor, and the sensor is configured to acquire an image corresponding to an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2 and representative of an absorption of the beam by the sample at the wavelength; and a processor to determine a map of an amount of analyte in the sample, based on the image acquired by the sensor, the analyte absorbing light at the wavelength.

Abstract: A method is provided for observing a biological sample between a light source and a pixelated image sensor, the light emitting an incident light beam, which propagates to the sample along a propagation axis and at an emission wavelength, the method including: illuminating the sample with the source; and acquiring an image of the sample with the sensor, no image-forming optic being placed between the sample and the sensor, the sample absorbing some of the beam, such that the acquired image is representative of an absorption of the beam by the sample at the emission wavelength, the source illuminates an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2, the image acquired of the sample by the sensor corresponds to an area of sample larger than 1 mm2, and pixels of the sensor define a detection plane, the sample being placed at a distance from the plane smaller than 1 mm.

Abstract: A method is provided for observing a biological sample between a light source and a pixelated image sensor, the light emitting an incident light beam, which propagates to the sample along a propagation axis and at an emission wavelength, the method including: illuminating the sample with the source; and acquiring an image of the sample with the sensor, no image-forming optic being placed between the sample and the sensor, the sample absorbing some of the beam, such that the acquired image is representative of an absorption of the beam by the sample at the emission wavelength, the source illuminates an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2, the image acquired of the sample by the sensor corresponds to an area of sample larger than 1 mm2, and pixels of the sensor define a detection plane, the sample being placed at a distance from the plane smaller than 1 mm.

Abstract: A method for observing a fluorescent sample, the sample comprising a fluorescent agent that emits fluorescence light, in a fluorescence spectral band, when it is illuminated by excitation light, in an excitation spectral band, the method comprising the following steps: a) placing the sample on a holder; b) illuminating the sample, with an excitation light source, in the excitation spectral band, the light emitted by the light source propagating along a propagation axis; c) detecting fluorescence light, in the fluorescence spectral band, with an image sensor; the method being such that the holder comprises a thin layer formed from a first material, of a first refractive index, the thin layer lying in a holder plane perpendicular to the propagation axis, the thin layer comprising a first photonic crystal and second photonic crystals configured to confine the excitation light and the fluorescence light in the thin layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for tracking the amplification of a sequence of nucleotides in a sample (10). The sample is placed between a light source (12) and an image sensor (16). Under the effect of amplification reagents, mixed with the sample, a nucleotide sequence, called the target sequence, is replicated iteratively, amplifying the target sequence. The method includes the acquisition of an image representative of the formation of a precipitate in the sample under the effect of the amplification, on the basis of which an image of interest is formed. The application of a statistical indicator to the image of interest allows an indicator of the amplification of the target sequence to be determined.

Abstract: A method for determining a parameter of a particle present in a sample, the method comprising the following steps: a) illuminating the sample with the light source, the light source emitting an incident light wave that propagates along a propagation axis; b) acquiring an image of the sample with the image sensor, the image sensor being exposed to an exposure light wave; c) determining a position of the particle in the detection plane; d) on the basis of the acquired image, applying a propagation operator, for a plurality of distances from a detection plane, so as to estimate, at each distance, a complex amplitude of the exposure light wave; e) on the basis of the complex amplitude estimated, at various distances, obtaining a profile representing a variation of the complex amplitude of the exposure light wave along an axis parallel to the propagation axis and passing through the position of the particle.

Abstract: A method for observing a sample, the sample lying in a sample plane defining radial positions, parameters of the sample being defined at each radial position, the method comprising: a) illuminating the sample using a light source, emitting an incident light wave that propagates toward the sample; b) acquiring, using an image sensor, an image of the sample, said image being formed in a detection plane, the sample being placed between the light source and the image sensor; c) processing the image acquired by the image sensor, so as to obtain an image of the sample, the image of the sample corresponding to a distribution of at least one parameter of the sample describing the sample in the sample plane; wherein the processing of the acquired image comprises implementing an iterative method, followed by applying a supervised machine learning algorithm, so as to obtain an initialization image intended to initialize the iterative method.

Abstract: A method for observing a fluorescent sample, the sample comprising a fluorescent agent that emits fluorescence light, in a fluorescence spectral band, when it is illuminated by excitation light, in an excitation spectral band, the method comprising the following steps: a) placing the sample on a holder; b) illuminating the sample, with an excitation light source, in the excitation spectral band, the light emitted by the light source propagating along a propagation axis; c) detecting fluorescence light, in the fluorescence spectral band, with an image sensor; the method being such that the holder comprises a thin layer formed from a first material, of a first refractive index, the thin layer lying in a holder plane perpendicular to the propagation axis, the thin layer comprising a first photonic crystal and second photonic crystals configured to confine the excitation light and the fluorescence light in the thin layer.

Abstract: A method for holographic characterization of a particle contained in a sample, based on an image, or hologram, of the sample obtained by an image sensor when the sample is illuminated by a light source. The hologram is the subject of a holographic reconstruction, to obtain a reference complex image, representative of the light wave transmitted by the sample in a reconstruction plane. A holographic propagation operator is applied to the reference complex image, to obtain a plurality of secondary complex images, from which a profile is determined describing the change in an optical feature of the light wave transmuted by the sample along the axis of propagation of the light wave.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for observing a sample (15), comprising the illumination of the sample using a light source (11) and the acquisition of an image (Io) of the sample using an image sensor (16), the sample being disposed between the image sensor and the light source. Iterative steps are applied to the acquired image (Io), also referred to as a hologram, comprising: a single iterative numerical propagation (h), such as to estimate a complex image (A) of the sample in a reconstruction plane (P10) or in a detection plane (P0), in which the image sensor extends. The complex image can be used for the characterisation of the sample.

Abstract: A method for observation of a sample, the sample comprising microorganisms immersed in a nontransparent culture medium, the culture medium being favorable to the development of the microorganisms, the sample being arranged between a light source and an image sensor, the method comprising: a) illuminating the sample with the light source, the light source emitting light propagating along an axis of propagation; b) acquiring an image of the sample by the image sensor; c) from the image acquired, characterization of the microorganisms; the method being characterized in that: the culture medium extends, parallel to the axis of propagation, to a thickness of less than 500 ?m.