Abstract: A force field separator which utilizes magnetic fields to separate materials which are sensitive to those forces. As a magnetic separator it separates paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials with lower strength fields. It employs small sectional area rods which generate high field gradients between adjacent rods which are oriented at an angle to the flow direction inside an elongate housing which contains the fluid stream. The separation forces are a resultant of the force propelling the fluid through the housing and the field forces produced by the field gradients. The resultant force direction is towards multiple openings along the outside length of the housing where a separate plenum flow of separated materials is created.

Abstract: A force field separator which can utilize either electric or magnetic fields to separate materials which are sensitive to those forces. As an electrostatic precipitator it produces higher separation efficiencies with smaller equipment and lower cost. As a magnetic separator it separates paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials with lower strength fields. It employs small sectional area rods which generate high field gradients between adjacent rods which are oriented at an angle to the flow direction inside an elongate housing which contains the fluid stream. The separation forces are a resultant of the force propelling the fluid through the housing and the field forces produced by the field gradients. The resultant force direction is towards multiple openings along the outside length of the housing where a separate plenum flow of separated materials is created.

Abstract: A level activated syphon system which automatically begins drainage of a liquid such as water from an accumulation area such a swimming pool cover or flat roof when the accumulation of water reaches a preset level is disclosed. The system requires no outside source of energy and consists of a valve assembly at the accumulation area, a hose or pipe which serves as a conduit to the lower drainage area and a water seal at the lower drainage area. The valve is opened and closed by a float which rises and falls with the liquid level at the accumulation area and stops the liquid flow after the accumulation is lowered but does not allow air to enter the conduit. The liquid remains in the conduit to start the syphon cycle again when more liquid accumulates. The water seal prevents the liquid from draining from the conduit when the syphon action is stopped.

Abstract: A continuous magnetic separator, which allows separation of fluid streams containing materials of a wide range of susceptibilities by employing high magnetic gradients distributed in a non-random repetitive pattern throughout the 3 dimensional space inside an elongate non magnetic outer housing which contains the fluid stream. The high magnetic gradients are produced by a multiplicity of small cross sectional area rods, which are a combination of alternating regions of ferromagnetic and non ferromagnetic materials which produce distortions of a magnetic field applied through the non magnetic housing, and produce channels of high gradient field which diverge from the fluid stream direction toward pairs of non magnetic partitions located with openings in the fluid stream flow which form a plenum to divert the flow of higher susceptibility fluid streams away from the main fluid stream.