Abstract: Polarizing signals for electric power system directional overcurrent and distance protection are disclosed herein. The polarizing signal may be determined using a power system tracking signal, generated using a synchronous reference frame to track to a pre-fault voltage, and maintained using a phase-locked loop. The power system tracking signal may be used for a time after a voltage signal is lost, after which a self-polarizing signal may be used. Where voltage signals are not available, a current may be used to generate the polarizing signal.

Abstract: Variable window filtered power system signals for electric power system monitoring and protection operations of an electric power system are provided herein. Upon detection of a power system disturbance, the filter window is decreased after a predetermined resize delay such that pre-disturbance samples are not included in the new window. As additional samples are obtained, the filter window grows to include new samples until the window reaches an initial filter window length. Gain and group delay correction factors accounting for window size and signal frequency are approximated.

Abstract: Distance protection of electric power delivery systems are disclosed herein where a fault within a zone of protection is detected using time-domain fault detection supervised by frequency-domain fault detection. The distance fault detection may be asserted when the real or imaginary parts of the time-domain operating and polarizing quantities are both positive or both negative and an angle between the frequency domain operating and polarizing quantities is within a predetermined range. Additional security may be provided using a level check, a sign consistency check, or a disturbance detector.

Abstract: A secure distance protection for electric power delivery systems under transient conditions is disclosed herein. Upon detection of a transient condition, additional security is added to a distance protection element before a protective action is taken. The transient condition may be detected when an angle of advancement of an operating signal is outside of a predetermined threshold. An unsecure condition may also be detected before applying additional security. The unsecure condition may be detected based on an estimation of a fault within a close-in zone and a voltage magnitude falling below a threshold.

Abstract: Variable window filtered power system signals for electric power system monitoring and protection operations of an electric power system are provided herein. Upon detection of a power system disturbance, the filter window is decreased after a predetermined resize delay such that pre-disturbance samples are not included in the new window. As additional samples are obtained, the filter window grows to include new samples until the window reaches an initial filter window length. Gain and group delay correction factors accounting for window size and signal frequency are approximated.

Abstract: Polarizing signals for electric power system directional overcurrent and distance protection are disclosed herein. The polarizing signal may be determined using a power system tracking signal, generated using a synchronous reference frame to track to a pre-fault voltage, and maintained using a phase-locked loop. The power system tracking signal may be used for a time after a voltage signal is lost, after which a self-polarizing signal may be used. Where voltage signals are not available, a current may be used to generate the polarizing signal.

Abstract: A secure distance protection for electric power delivery systems under transient conditions is disclosed herein. Upon detection of a transient condition, additional security is added to a distance protection element before a protective action is taken. The transient condition may be detected when an angle of advancement of an operating signal is outside of a predetermined threshold. An unsecure condition may also be detected before applying additional security. The unsecure condition may be detected based on an estimation of a fault within a close-in zone and a voltage magnitude falling below a threshold.

Abstract: Distance protection of electric power delivery systems are disclosed herein where a fault within a zone of protection is detected using time-domain fault detection supervised by frequency-domain fault detection. The distance fault detection may be asserted when the real or imaginary parts of the time-domain operating and polarizing quantities are both positive or both negative and an angle between the frequency domain operating and polarizing quantities is within a predetermined range. Additional security may be provided using a level check, a sign consistency check, or a disturbance detector.