Abstract: Disclosed is an operation method of a controller which communicates with a plurality of memory devices. The method includes receiving a first reception signal, a second reception signal, and a data strobe signal, respectively, generating a first delay signal by performing first and second per-pin delay locked loop (ppDLL) operations on the first and second reception signals based on a rising edge of the data strobe signal, respectively, and generating first and second correction signals by performing first and second per-pin duty cycle correction (ppDCC) operations on the first and second delay signals based on a falling edge of the data strobe signal, respectively. Rising edges of the first and second correction signals are aligned with the rising edge of the data strobe signal, and first and second falling edges of the first correction signals are aligned with the falling edge of the data strobe signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a memory device which includes a driver unit that includes a pull-up driver and a pull-down driver, a ZQ calibration unit that performs ZQ calibration with respect to the driver unit based on an external resistor and a first reference voltage and generates a first ZQ code corresponding to the first reference voltage, and a code conversion unit that generates a second ZQ code corresponding to a second reference voltage different from the first reference voltage, based on the first ZQ code.

Abstract: A voltage regulator includes a pass transistor generating an output voltage in response to a gate voltage, and an error amplifier circuit outputting the gate voltage. The error amplifier circuit includes a first input terminal receiving a first reference voltage level from a reference voltage generator, a second input terminal receiving a second reference voltage level from the reference voltage generator, a third input terminal receiving a first voltage level of a first end of a target circuit, a fourth input terminal receiving a second voltage level of a second end of the target circuit, and an output terminal that outputs the gate voltage generated based on the first reference voltage level, the second reference voltage level, the first voltage level, and the second voltage level. A potential difference of the first voltage level and the second voltage level is an operating voltage of the target circuit.

Abstract: A data converter including an autozeroing circuit including a plurality of gain circuits having a first amplification circuit and a first capacitor connected to the first amplification circuit, the first amplification circuit performing a switch feedthrough offset cancellation operation of storing an offset voltage of the autozeroing circuit in the capacitor through a switch, a comparator circuit including a first input terminal and a second input terminal, the comparator circuit comparing a first input terminal voltage level of the first input terminal with a second input terminal voltage level of the second input terminal, a first switch unit connected between the autozeroing circuit and the comparator circuit, the first switch disconnecting the autozeroing circuit from the comparator circuit during the switch feedthrough offset cancellation operation of the autozeroing circuit, and a second switch unit connected between a first input signal line and a second input signal line.

Abstract: A continuous-time delta-sigma modulator includes a loop filter, a quantizer, a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, and a digital to analog converter. The loop filter integrates a difference between an input signal and a feedback signal. The quantizer quantizes a signal output from the loop filter to convert the quantized signal into a digital signal. The FIR filter performs an FIR filtering process on the digital signal output from the quantizer. The digital to analog converter converts a signal output from the FIR filter into an analog signal and outputs the converted analog signal as a feedback signal.

Abstract: A continuous-time delta-sigma modulator includes a loop filter, a quantizer, a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, and a digital to analog converter. The loop filter integrates a difference between an input signal and a feedback signal. The quantizer quantizes a signal output from the loop filter to convert the quantized signal into a digital signal. The FIR filter performs an FIR filtering process on the digital signal output from the quantizer. The digital to analog converter converts a signal output from the FIR filter into an analog signal and outputs the converted analog signal as a feedback signal.