Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a charged particle beam apparatus capable of performing high-precision measurement even on a pattern in which a width of edges is narrow and inherent peaks of the edges cannot be easily detected.

Abstract: A method for controlling a video segmentation apparatus is provided. The method includes receiving an image corresponding to a frame of a video; estimating a motion of an object in the received image to be extracted from the received image, determining a plurality of positions of windows corresponding to the object; adjusting at least one of a size and a spacing of at least one window located at a position of the plurality of determined positions of the windows based on an image characteristic; and extracting the object from the received image based on the at least one window of which the at least one of the size and the spacing is adjusted.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a scanning electron microscope which forms an electric field to lift up, highly efficiently, electrons discharged from a hole bottom or the like even if a sample surface is an electrically conductive material. To achieve the above object, according to the invention, a scanning electron microscope including a deflector which deflects a scanning position of an electron beam, and a sample stage for loading a sample thereon, is proposed. The scanning electron microscope includes a control device which controls the deflector or the sample stage in such a way that before scanning a beam on a measurement target pattern, a lower layer pattern situated in a lower layer of the measurement target pattern undergoes beam irradiation on another pattern situated in the lower layer.

Abstract: A method for controlling a video segmentation apparatus is provided. The method includes receiving an image corresponding to a frame of a video; estimating a motion of an object in the received image to be extracted from the received image, determining a plurality of positions of windows corresponding to the object; adjusting at least one of a size and a spacing of at least one window located at a position of the plurality of determined positions of the windows based on an image characteristic; and extracting the object from the received image based on the at least one window of which the at least one of the size and the spacing is adjusted.

Abstract: Provided is an electron beam scanning method for forming an electric field for appropriately guiding electrons emitted from a pattern to the outside of the pattern, and also provided is a scanning electron microscope. When an electron beam for forming charge is irradiated to a sample, a first electron beam is irradiated to a first position (1) and a second position (2) having the center (104) of a pattern formed on the sample as a symmetrical point, and is then additionally irradiated to two central positions (3, 4) between the first and second irradiation position, the two central positions (3, 4) being on the same radius centered on the symmetrical point as are the first and second positions. Further, after that, the irradiation of the first electron beam to the central positions between existing scanning positions on the radius is repeated.

Abstract: A catalytic material and electrode of the present invention are characterized in that the catalyst carrier constituting the above-mentioned catalytic material and electrode includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, phosphor atoms, and sulfur atoms. Since the cohesion or growth of catalyst grains can hereby be suppressed, it is possible to provide a highly active catalyst, a high-performance electrode, and a high-output-density fuel cell which uses the same.

Abstract: A catalytic material and electrode of the present invention are characterized in that the catalyst carrier constituting the above-mentioned catalytic material and electrode includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, phosphor atoms, and sulfur atoms. Since the cohesion or growth of catalyst grains can hereby be suppressed, it is possible to provide a highly active catalyst, a high-performance electrode, and a high-output-density fuel cell which uses the same.

Abstract: A catalytic material and electrode of the present invention are characterized in that the catalyst carrier constituting the above-mentioned catalytic material and electrode includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, phosphor atoms, and sulfur atoms. Since the cohesion or growth of catalyst grains can hereby be suppressed, it is possible to provide a highly active catalyst, a high-performance electrode, and a high-output-density fuel cell which uses the same.

Abstract: A catalytic material and electrode of the present invention are characterized in that the catalyst carrier constituting the above-mentioned catalytic material and electrode includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, phosphor atoms, and sulfur atoms. Since the cohesion or growth of catalyst grains can hereby be suppressed, it is possible to provide a highly active catalyst, a high-performance electrode, and a high-output-density fuel cell which uses the same.

Abstract: A valve encased nozzle device comprising a valve chamber having an introduction port for introducing pressurized liquid, and an opening for injecting the liquid, and a valve for closing and opening one or both of the introduction port and the injecting port, wherein the valve is disposed together with a valve driving mechanism in the valve chamber, whereby the introduction port or the injecting port or both are closed or opened by movement of the valve driven by the driving mechanism.