Abstract: A sandwich panel for an automobile includes a core layer, a surface layer, and an adhesive layer. The core layer includes glass fibers and thermoplastic resins and defines an optimal weight and thickness to provide flexural performance and non-flammability. The sandwich panel provides a flame barrier layer, which is a non-combustible layer during ignition and prevents flame from leaking to the outside of the panel.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a conductive structure body, a method for manufacturing the same, and an electrode and an electronic device including the conductive structure body.

Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor memory devices and methods of fabricating the same. A semiconductor memory device includes a stack structure that includes a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of dielectric layers that are alternately stacked on a substrate, a vertical channel structure that penetrates the stack structure, and a conductive pad on the vertical channel structure. The vertical channel structure includes a semiconductor pattern and a vertical dielectric layer between the semiconductor pattern and the electrodes. An upper portion of the semiconductor pattern includes an impurity region that includes a halogen element. The upper portion of the semiconductor pattern is adjacent to the conductive pad.

Abstract: A vertical memory device may include a channel connecting pattern on a substrate, gate electrodes spaced apart from each other in a first direction on the channel connecting pattern, and a channel extending in the first direction through the gate electrodes and the channel connecting pattern. Each of the electrodes may extend in a second direction substantially parallel to an upper surface of the substrate, and the first direction may be substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate. An end portion of the channel connecting pattern in a third direction substantially parallel to the upper surface of the substrate and substantially perpendicular to the second direction may have an upper surface higher than an upper surface of other portions of the channel connecting pattern except for a portion thereof adjacent the channel.

Abstract: A vertical memory device may include a channel connecting pattern on a substrate, gate electrodes spaced apart from each other in a first direction on the channel connecting pattern, and a channel extending in the first direction through the gate electrodes and the channel connecting pattern. Each of the electrodes may extend in a second direction substantially parallel to an upper surface of the substrate, and the first direction may be substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate. An end portion of the channel connecting pattern in a third direction substantially parallel to the upper surface of the substrate and substantially perpendicular to the second direction may have an upper surface higher than an upper surface of other portions of the channel connecting pattern except for a portion thereof adjacent the channel.

Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor memory devices and methods of fabricating the same. A semiconductor memory device includes a stack structure that includes a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of dielectric layers that are alternately stacked on a substrate, a vertical channel structure that penetrates the stack structure, and a conductive pad on the vertical channel structure. The vertical channel structure includes a semiconductor pattern and a vertical dielectric layer between the semiconductor pattern and the electrodes. An upper portion of the semiconductor pattern includes an impurity region that includes a halogen element. The upper portion of the semiconductor pattern is adjacent to the conductive pad.

Abstract: A vertical memory device may include a channel connecting pattern on a substrate, gate electrodes spaced apart from each other in a first direction on the channel connecting pattern, and a channel extending in the first direction through the gate electrodes and the channel connecting pattern. Each of the electrodes may extend in a second direction substantially parallel to an upper surface of the substrate, and the first direction may be substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate. An end portion of the channel connecting pattern in a third direction substantially parallel to the upper surface of the substrate and substantially perpendicular to the second direction may have an upper surface higher than an upper surface of other portions of the channel connecting pattern except for a portion thereof adjacent the channel.

Abstract: A vertical memory device may include a channel connecting pattern on a substrate, gate electrodes spaced apart from each other in a first direction on the channel connecting pattern, and a channel extending in the first direction through the gate electrodes and the channel connecting pattern. Each of the electrodes may extend in a second direction substantially parallel to an upper surface of the substrate, and the first direction may be substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate. An end portion of the channel connecting pattern in a third direction substantially parallel to the upper surface of the substrate and substantially perpendicular to the second direction may have an upper surface higher than an upper surface of other portions of the channel connecting pattern except for a portion thereof adjacent the channel.