Abstract: A method of predicting risk of an aggressive or a recurrent prostate cancer in an individual, the method comprising a step of assaying a biological sample from the individual for expression of at least two genes, or proteins encoded by said genes, selected from TTC21B, MCM3, MTUS1, FOXM1, CUL4A, GPC1, PCNA, IRF7, BRIP1, ULKI, and SPAG5, wherein when a combination of a normalised expression value of the at least two genes, or proteins encoded by said genes, is modified relative to a combination of a normalised expression reference value of the at least two genes, or proteins encoded by said, in a biological sample from a subject with non-aggressive or non-recurrent prostate cancer, the individual is predicted to have an increased risk of having an aggressive or a recurrent prostate cancer.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring amplification of a nucleic acid by providing a pH sensor or pH indicator, a nucleic acid in an amplification mixture, and an isothermal amplification enzyme.

Abstract: A method of monitoring amplification of a nucleic acid by providing a nucleic acid and an amplification mixture using the kit of isothermal reagents to a pH sensor or pH indicator,

Abstract: A method of monitoring amplification of a nucleic acid by providing a nucleic acid and an amplification mixture using the kit of isothermal reagents to a pH sensor or pH indicator, amplifying the nucleic acid using isothermal amplification, and detecting a change in pH due to the amplification using the pH sensor or pH indicator. The kit of reagents comprises a magnesium salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, and an alkali base.

Abstract: A method of monitoring amplification of a nucleic acid by providing a nucleic acid and an amplification mixture using the kit of isothermal reagents to a pH sensor or pH indicator, amplifying the nucleic acid using isothermal amplification, and detecting a change in pH due to the amplification using the pH sensor or pH indicator. The kit of reagents comprises a magnesium salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, and an alkali base.

Abstract: Provided is a method of identifying an unknown nucleic acid comprising the steps of combining the unknown polynucleic acid with known nucleic acid reagents in a reaction chamber; producing a first quantity of protons from a polymerisation reaction when bases of one or more of the unknown nucleic acids are complementary to the bases of one or more known nucleic acids comprised within the known reagents; producing a second quantity of protons from a hydrolysis reaction of by-products of the polymerisation reaction with one or more enzymes; monitoring an electrical output signal derived from an ISFET exposed to the reaction chamber; and correlating changes in an output signal with said reactions between the unknown polynucleic acid and said known reagents to thereby identify the unknown nucleic acid.