Abstract: Described herein are battery assemblies that comprise lithium-metal electrochemical cells and pressure-applying structures disposed adjacent to the cells and applying uniform pressure to the cells. Specifically, this uniform pressure is applied between a minimum threshold and a maximum threshold at any operating state of charge of these cells and, in some examples, over the entire operating lifetime of the cells. A pressure-applying structure can be positioned between a pair of adjacent cells or between a cell and an assembly enclosure. In some examples, the footprint of the pressure-inducing structure fully covers the footprint of the negative-electrode planar portion. The pressure-inducing structure may have a stress relaxation of less than 5% and/or a compression set of less than 10%. The pressure-inducing structure may remain in an elastic deformation region at any operating condition. In some examples, the pressure-inducing structure is foam or aerogel.