Abstract: Provided is a color changeable device which includes a first substrate and a second substrate that are spaced apart from each other, a first transparent electrode disposed on the first substrate, a second transparent electrode disposed on the second substrate, an electrochromic layer disposed between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, an organic layer disposed between the first transparent electrode and the electrochromic layer. The organic layer may include a hole injection layer or an electron injection layer. The organic layer may further include a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer.

Abstract: Provided is a stretchable transparent electrode including a first substrate having an uneven surface, a first conductive film conformally covering the uneven surface of the first substrate to have an uneven top surface, a second conductive film conformally covering the first conductive film to have an uneven top surface, and a second substrate covering the second conductive film, wherein one of the first and second conductive films is a metal film and the other is a graphene film.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator driving device may include: a control unit receiving waveform information including information on an output waveform to output digital values for generating the output waveform; a sampling clock generation unit using the output waveform to generate a variable sampling clock; and a digital-to-analog conversion unit outputting analog values corresponding to the digital values based on the variable sampling clock.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a heat managing unit of a high-voltage battery and a high-voltage battery including the heat managing unit. The heat managing unit of a high-voltage battery includes: insertion heat pipes interposed between overlapped battery cells and having contact parts formed by bending upper end portions in a horizontal direction in a state in which the upper end portions are exposed; a conduction plate surface-contacting the contact parts of the insertion heat pipes to be thermally connected to the insertion heat pipes; a thermoelectric element having an air conditioning surface and a heat radiating surface, thermally connected to the conduction plate by the air conditioning surface surface-contacting the conduction plate, and cooling or heating the conduction plate through the air conditioning surface; and a heat sink surface-contacting the heat radiating surface of the thermoelectric element to be thermally connected to the heat radiating surface.

Abstract: Provided is a method for fabricating a flexible display device. The method includes attaching a shape memory alloy film memorizing a shape thereof as a curved shape at a shape memory temperature or lower to a flexible substrate at a temperature higher than the shape memory temperature, forming a display device on the flexible substrate, and returning the shape memory alloy to the curved shape to remove the shape memory alloy film from the flexible substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multipath cross flow heat exchanger and, more particularly, to a multipath cross flow heat exchanger, capable of preventing degradation of the cooling performance for cooling a superconductor which may occur when circulation of liquid nitrogen in a circulation tube is not efficient, by forming a cooling tube, in which a refrigerant for cooling liquid nitrogen flows, to intersect multiple times with the circulation tube, in which the liquid nitrogen is circulated, to thereby freeze the liquid nitrogen by the refrigerant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an average current controller, an average current control method and a buck converter using the average current controller. The average current controller includes a first comparator for generating a high H signal, a multivibrator for generating a TAVG pulse signal by receiving a high H signal outputted from the first comparator, a timing generator for generating a signal CH_ON to charge/discharge a capacitor by using at least the TAVG pulse signal, an integrator circuit unit for charging/discharging the capacitor, a second comparator for outputting a corresponding signal, an up/down counter for increasing or decreasing a counting value and a digital/analog converter for outputting by converting an output (digital signal) of the up/down counter into an analog signal.

Abstract: A piezoelectric driving apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment includes: a waveform synthesizer outputting a digital value; a digital-to-analog converter outputting an analog value corresponding to the digital value; and an output unit applying an offset voltage to the analog value to generate and output an asymmetrical driving signal.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a gradually stretchable substrate. The method includes forming convex regions and concave regions on a top surface of a stretchable substrate by compressing a mold onto the stretchable substrate and forming non-stretchable patterns by filling the concave regions of the stretchable substrate. The stretchable substrate includes a stretchable region defined by the non-stretchable patterns, the non-stretchable patterns have side surfaces in contact with the stretchable region, and the side surfaces of the non-stretchable patterns are formed of protrusions and a non-protrusion between the protrusions repetitively connected to one another.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a heat managing unit of a high-voltage battery and a high-voltage battery including the heat managing unit. The heat managing unit of a high-voltage battery includes: insertion heat pipes interposed between overlapped battery cells and having contact parts formed by bending upper end portions in a horizontal direction in a state in which the upper end portions are exposed; a conduction plate surface-contacting the contact parts of the insertion heat pipes to be thermally connected to the insertion heat pipes; a thermoelectric element having an air conditioning surface and a heat radiating surface, thermally connected to the conduction plate by the air conditioning surface surface-contacting the conduction plate, and cooling or heating the conduction plate through the air conditioning surface; and a heat sink surface-contacting the heat radiating surface of the thermoelectric element to be thermally connected to the heat radiating surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a voltage control circuit for a dimmer and a dimming method. In accordance with an embodiment, the dimming method using a voltage control circuit for a dimmer includes the steps of determining whether a current voltage value input to a constant dimming range maintainer is equal to a preset minimum or maximum voltage value or exists between the minimum and maximum voltage values, and determining whether the current voltage value is greater than the maximum voltage value when the current voltage value isn't equal to the minimum or maximum voltage value or doesn't exist between the minimum and maximum voltage values. The method further includes the steps of updating the minimum voltage value to the current voltage value when the current voltage value isn't greater than the maximum voltage value, and updating the maximum voltage value to the current voltage value when the current voltage value is greater than the maximum voltage value.

Abstract: A method for operating an electronic device is provided. The method includes connecting to a Head Mounted Device (HMD), receiving an input through the HMD while the HMD is connected, and in response to the received input, performing a function corresponding to the received input.

Abstract: A low-dropout regulator comprises an analog-to-digital converter that converts a feedback analog voltage signal into a digital signal, a phase synthesizing unit that generates a first control signal having a pulse width corresponding to error information in the digital signal by performing phase synthesis according to clock skew control, a charge pump circuit that selects a charge loop or a discharge loop based on polarity information in the digital signal, and generates an output control voltage according to current that flows during a period corresponding to the pulse width of the first control signal in the selected loop, and an output circuit that generates an output voltage based on an input voltage and the output control voltage, and generates the feedback analog voltage signal based on the output voltage.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing semiconductor devices according to embodiments of the present invention may include providing a sacrificial substrate including a wiring region and a device region, sequentially forming a sacrificial layer and a buffer layer on the sacrificial substrate, forming a thin-film transistor on the buffer layer of the device region, forming a device protection element surrounding the thin-film transistor within the device region, forming a flexible substrate on the buffer layer, and exposing a surface of the buffer layer by separating the sacrificial substrate by removing the sacrificial layer. Since typical semiconductor process technologies may be directly used, the process compatibility may be improved, and semiconductor devices having high resolution and high performance may be manufactured.

Abstract: Provided is a method for fabricating an electronic device, the method including: preparing a carrier substrate including an element region and a wiring region; forming a sacrificial layer on the carrier substrate; forming an electronic element on the sacrificial layer of the element region; forming a first elastic layer having a corrugated surface on the first elastic layer of the wiring region; forming a metal wirings electrically connecting the electronic element thereto, on the first elastic layer of the wiring region; forming a second elastic layer covering the metal wirings, on the first elastic layer; forming a high rigidity pattern filling in a recess of the second elastic layer above the electronic element so as to overlap the electronic element, and having a corrugated surface; forming a third elastic layer on the second elastic layer and the high rigidity pattern; and separating the carrier substrate.

Abstract: A driving apparatus of a piezo actuator may include: a frequency controlling unit generating a driving frequency signal by sweeping a natural vibration frequency, and a piezo driving unit driving the piezo actuator according to the driving frequency signal by providing the driving frequency signal to the piezo actuator. The driving frequency signal may be in the range of ±5% of the natural vibration frequency.

Abstract: Provided is a method of fabricating an electronic circuit. The method includes preparing a substrate, forming a polymer film on the substrate, patterning the polymer film to form a polymer pattern, and forming an electronic device on the polymer pattern.

Abstract: There are provided a light emitting diode (LED) driving apparatus and an LED lighting apparatus, in which a common detection resistor detecting a current flowing in each LED is used. According to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, manufacturing costs and a circuit area may be reduced by commonly using a common detection resistor detecting a current flowing in each of the LEDs.

Abstract: A digital buck-boost conversion circuit includes an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert an output voltage signal into a digital signal, a pulse period control block configured to output a pulse period control signal based on degrees of scattering at different frequencies of the digital signal, a pulse generation block configured to output a pulse based on the pulse period control signal, and a buck-boost converter configured to convert the pulse into the output voltage signal.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus for driving a piezo actuator and a method of driving the same. The apparatus includes: a control unit generating a digital control signal and converting the digital control signal into an analog control signal; a driving unit amplifying and not inverting the analog control signal to generate a first driving signal and amplifying and inverting the analog control signal to generate a second driving signal, with respect to a predetermined common voltage, and applying the first and second driving signals to both terminals of a piezo actuator; and an offset determining unit determining an offset in the first and second driving signals based on a voltage according to a current flowing in the piezo actuator, wherein the control unit generates the digital control signal to have an intermediate level in a predetermined offset detection section.