Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes: a substrate including a cell area, a peripheral area, and a boundary area; a storage pad connected to an active area in the cell area; a capacitor including a lower electrode, a first electrode support layer supporting the lower electrode, a capacitor dielectric, and an upper electrode; a peripheral gate on the peripheral area of the substrate; first peripheral contact plugs on both sides of the peripheral gate and connected to the substrate; a first interlayer insulating layer on the storage pad and the first peripheral contact plugs; a second interlayer insulating layer on the first interlayer insulating layer; and a first insulating layer on the second interlayer insulating layer, wherein the first insulating layer extends on the boundary area of the substrate, and a height of the first insulating layer is equal to or less than a height of the first electrode support layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water treatment system for removing at least some of ionic materials included in source water to provide soft water comprising less ionic materials than the source water to a demand source. The water treatment system may comprise: a filter module provided so as to remove at least some of ionic materials included in source water by means of an electrical force to discharge soft water; a supply channel provided so as to supply the source water to the filter module; a discharge channel provided so as to guide the soft water discharged from the filter module to a demand source; a circulation channel branched from the supply channel; a reclaim channel branched from the discharge channel; a connection channel branched from the reclaim channel and connected to the circulation channel; and a descaling part connected to the connection channel and provided so as to provide a descaling material for removing scale to the inside of the connection channel.

Abstract: A seat adjustment apparatus for a vehicle includes a plurality of connection frames provided along two opposite sides of a seat frame and two opposite sides of a back frame and configured to move forward or rearward depending on a folding direction of the back frame, guide parts provided at middle points of the plurality of connection frames and configured to be moved upward or downward by forward or rearward movements of the connection frames, and a seat cushion pipe provided inside the two connection frames and configured such that front ends of the seat cushion pipe are connected to the guide parts, and a position of a rear end of the seat cushion pipe is adjusted upward or downward by upward or downward movements of the guide parts.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for compensating for color separation of an image in a holographic head-up display (HUD), caused by a change in characteristics such as a temperature or wavelength of a laser projector. An apparatus (200) for compensating for color separation of an image in a HUD includes a GPU (100); a video signal inputter (110); a temperature sensor (120); a controller (130); a memory (135); a panel driving unit (140) for outputting an image to a panel (160); a laser diode driving unit (150) for driving R, G, and B laser diodes (151), (152), and (153); a lens (70), and a screen (180). Accordingly, an image, the quality of which is degraded due to color separation of an image, may be improved.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for compensating for color separation of an image in a holographic head-up display (HUD), caused by a change in characteristics such as a temperature or wavelength of a laser projector. An apparatus (200) for compensating for color separation of an image in a HUD includes a GPU (100); a video signal inputter (110); a temperature sensor (120); a controller (130); a memory (135); a panel driving unit (140) for outputting an image to a panel (160); a laser diode driving unit (150) for driving R, G, and B laser diodes (151), (152), and (153); a lens (70), and a screen (180). Accordingly, an image, the quality of which is degraded due to color separation of an image, may be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a head-up display apparatus integrated with a cluster. The head-up display apparatus integrated with the cluster may include a cluster housing unit provided in front of a driver, a cover unit mounted to a top of the cluster housing unit and having a display unit, and a combiner unit rotatably coupled to the cover unit, light generated in the cluster housing unit being irradiated onto the combiner unit to form an image.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle head-up display (HUD) device including a display unit divided into a first display area and a second display area; a folding mirror configured to reflect a first image to the first display area; a picture generation unit (PGU) configured to directly project the first image to the folding mirror; and a control unit configured to adjust a projection distance and a magnification and control the PGU to output the first image to the first image area and to output a second image to the second display area. Here, the first image is an virtual image, and the second image is an real image.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a head-up display apparatus integrated with a cluster. The head-up display apparatus integrated with the cluster may include a cluster housing unit provided in front of a driver, a cover unit mounted to a top of the cluster housing unit and having a display unit, and a combiner unit rotatably coupled to the cover unit, light generated in the cluster housing unit being irradiated onto the combiner unit to form an image.

Abstract: A backlight unit in a head-up display apparatus according to the present disclosure includes A plurality of light sources configured to emit light; a plurality of primary light collectors configured to collect the light emitted by the plurality of light sources to transmit, refract, or reflect the collected light; and a secondary light collector configured to recollect the light which is collected by the plurality of primary light collectors. At this point, an optical axis of one among the plurality of light sources, the plurality of primary light collectors, and the secondary light collector is disposed to be different from the other two.

Abstract: Provided is a head up display (HUD) apparatus for realizing multi-display field and a display control method thereof. The HUD apparatus includes a first image processing unit allowing a virtual image, corresponding to driving information or vehicle information generated from a first image source, to be displayed on a main display field and a second image processing unit allowing a virtual image, corresponding to at least one of driving information, image information, and vehicle information generated from a second image source, to be displayed on a sub display field.

Abstract: A backlight unit in a head-up display apparatus according to the present disclosure includes A plurality of light sources configured to emit light; a plurality of primary light collectors configured to collect the light emitted by the plurality of light sources to transmit, refract, or reflect the collected light; and a secondary light collector configured to recollect the light which is collected by the plurality of primary light collectors. At this point, an optical axis of one among the plurality of light sources, the plurality of primary light collectors, and the secondary light collector is disposed to be different from the other two.

Abstract: A head up display (HUD) may include: a control unit configured to determine contents to be projected on the visible area of a driver and the projection position of the contents; a picture generation unit (PGU) configured to output a picture according to control of the control unit; and an optical system configured to change an optical path of the picture outputted from the PGU so as to project the picture on the visible area of the driver. The optical system may divide the output picture into two or more pictures having different projection distances, and project the pictures.

Abstract: A projection display device is discussed, which can include a condensing lens having a refractive index higher than that of a collimating lens, thereby being capable of miniaturizing not only the collimating lens, but also lenses arranged downstream from the condensing lens.

Abstract: A projection display device is discussed, which includes an optical system having an improved arrangement, thereby being capable of reducing the size of the projection display device.

Abstract: In order to obtain effects of the increase in brightness of images, miniaturization, low cost, convenience of handling, default prevention, in inconvenience of assembly, which are can be obtained by a projection system, the projection system comprises at least one light-emitting device; a time division supplying device of light that time-divides light emitted from the at least one light-emitting device and supplies it; a first condensing lens that focuses light passing through the time division supplying device of light; a first mirror that reflects light passing through the first condensing lens; an integrator that makes light reflected from the first mirror into a planar light; a second mirror that reflects light passing through the integrator; a third mirror that reflects light reflected from the second mirror to a DMD side; and a projection lens that projects light reflected from the second mirror onto a screen and has an optic axis disposed at both sides of the second mirror and the third mirror, respect

Abstract: A projection display device is discussed, which can include a condensing lens having a refractive index higher than that of a collimating lens, thereby being capable of miniaturizing not only the collimating lens, but also lenses arranged downstream from the condensing lens.

Abstract: A projection display device is discussed, which includes an optical system having an improved arrangement, thereby being capable of reducing the size of the projection display device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a projection system in which color purity can be improved and color reproductive area can be expanded. The projection system includes a light source to emit a red light, a green light, and a blue light; a combining unit to selectively transmit or reflect the red light, the green light, and the blue light, emitted from the light source to combine the red light, the green light, and the blue light; an integrator into which the combined light enters; an illumination lens to focus the light passing through the integrator; a panel into which the light passing through the illumination lens enters; a prism disposed between the illumination lens and the panel to adjust an optical path; and a projection lens to focus the light passing through the prism.