Abstract: Provided are video encoding and decoding methods and apparatuses for parallel processing. The video decoding method includes obtaining a parallel processing syntax indicating a parallel processing type that is applied to a second data unit of a lower level from a first data unit header of an upper level, obtaining a parallel processing flag indicating whether the parallel processing type is applied to the second data unit from a second data unit header, and determining whether the parallel processing type is applied to the second data unit based on the obtained parallel processing flag.

Abstract: Provided is a video processing device and method capable of managing a security level of content included in a video. The video processing method includes: receiving an identifier of a video and information about a security policy to be set to the video; receiving security information related to the security policy; preparing the video by using the received identifier of the video; and updating security information of the prepared video by using the received security information according to the security policy.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding an image. The method of encoding includes: determining a maximum size of a buffer to decode each image frame by a decoder, a number of image frames to be reordered, and latency information of an image frame having a largest difference between an encoding order and a display order from among image frames that form an image sequence, based on an encoding order the image frames that form the image sequence, an encoding order of reference frames referred to by the image frames, a display order of the image frames, and a display order of the reference frames; and adding, to a mandatory sequence parameter set, a first syntax indicating the maximum size of the buffer, a second syntax indicating the number of image frames to be reordered, and a third syntax indicating the latency information.

Abstract: An video decoding apparatus including a parser which obtains bit strings corresponding to current transformation coefficient level information by arithmetic decoding a bitstream based on a context model; a parameter determiner which determines a current binarization parameter by updating or maintaining a previous binarization parameter based on a comparison of a threshold and a size of a previous transformation coefficient; a syntax element restorer which obtains the current transformation coefficient level information by performing de-binarization of the bit strings using the determined current binarization parameter and generates a size of a current transformation coefficient using the current transformation coefficient level information, wherein the current binarization parameter has a value equal to or smaller than a predetermined value.

Abstract: Provided is a video processing device and method capable of enhancing security of content included in a video, the video processing device including: a loader configured to load an original video; an encoder configured to generate an encoded video including a header and a payload by encoding the loaded original video; and a security information inserter configured to insert security information comprising information about a reproduction right of the video into the header or the payload.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding an image. The method of encoding includes: determining a maximum size of a buffer to decode each image frame by a decoder, a number of image frames to be reordered, and latency information of an image frame having a largest difference between an encoding order and a display order from among image frames that form an image sequence, based on an encoding order the image frames that form the image sequence, an encoding order of reference frames referred to by the image frames, a display order of the image frames, and a display order of the reference frames; and adding, to a mandatory sequence parameter set, a first syntax indicating the maximum size of the buffer, a second syntax indicating the number of image frames to be reordered, and a third syntax indicating the latency information.

Abstract: An video decoding apparatus including a parser which obtains bit strings corresponding to current transformation coefficient level information by arithmetic decoding a bitstream based on a context model; a parameter determiner which determines a current binarization parameter by updating or maintaining a previous binarization parameter based on a comparison of a threshold and a size of a previous transformation coefficient; a syntax element restorer which obtains the current transformation coefficient level information by performing de-binarization of the bit strings using the determined current binarization parameter and generates a size of a current transformation coefficient using the current transformation coefficient level information, wherein the current binarization parameter has a value equal to or smaller than a predetermined value.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding an image. The method of encoding includes: determining a maximum size of a buffer to decode each image frame by a decoder, a number of image frames to be reordered, and latency information of an image frame having a largest difference between an encoding order and a display order from among image frames that form an image sequence, based on an encoding order the image frames that form the image sequence, an encoding order of reference frames referred to by the image frames, a display order of the image frames, and a display order of the reference frames; and adding, to a mandatory sequence parameter set, a first syntax indicating the maximum size of the buffer, a second syntax indicating the number of image frames to be reordered, and a third syntax indicating the latency information.

Abstract: Provided are multilayer video encoding/decoding methods. The multilayer video decoding method includes obtaining, from a bitstream, instantaneous decoder refresh (IDR) alignment information specifying whether at least one intra random access point (IRAP) picture for a random access and comprised in a same access unit is limited to being an IDR picture; and reconstructing a multilayer video by decoding encoded data by using the IDR alignment information.

Abstract: Provided is a multilayer video decoding method. The multilayer video decoding method may include: acquiring a network abstraction layer (NAL) unit from a bitstream of an encoded image; acquiring layer information, which is commonly used to decode base layer encoded data and enhancement layer encoded data, from a parameter included in the NAL unit; and reconstructing the multilayer image by decoding the base layer encoded data and the enhancement layer encoded data by using the layer information, wherein the parameter uses two or more bits to represent any one of information about a profile, tier, and level of layers constituting the multilayer, information about a phase alignment mode of a luma sample grid between layers constituting the multilayer, information about a picture type alignment mode between layers constituting the multilayer, and information specifying a layer set to be decoded.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-layer video decoding method for efficiently obtaining, from a bitstream, information indicating a maximum size of a decoded picture buffer (DPB) regarding a layer set including a plurality of layers.

Abstract: Provided are a content security method and an electronic apparatus for providing a content security function. The content security method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: generating a security key used to decrypt security content; generating a security message based on the security key, content transmitter identification information, and content receiver identification information; generating the security content by encrypting content; and transmitting the security content and the security message to an external electronic apparatus.

Abstract: A method of determining an offset includes dividing a current image into a plurality of blocks, determining a category of pixels in each of the plurality of blocks based on values of neighboring pixels, determining an offset value for pixels belonging to the category, and adjusting the offset value based on characteristics of the category and a background pixel value of each of the pixels. The offset value is an average of differences between values of original images and restored images of pixels belonging to one category. The background pixel value is an average of values of pixels in a background pixel block to which the pixels belong among background pixel blocks divided to calculate a background pixel value.

Abstract: Provided is a multilayer video decoding method including acquiring reset information indicating whether to reset a picture order count (POC) of a current picture, resetting a higher bit of the POC of the current picture based on the reset information, and decoding the current picture by using the reset POC.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding an image. The method of encoding includes: determining a maximum size of a buffer to decode each image frame by a decoder, a number of image frames to be reordered, and latency information of an image frame having a largest difference between an encoding order and a display order from among image frames that form an image sequence, based on an encoding order the image frames that form the image sequence, an encoding order of reference frames referred to by the image frames, a display order of the image frames, and a display order of the reference frames; and adding, to a mandatory sequence parameter set, a first syntax indicating the maximum size of the buffer, a second syntax indicating the number of image frames to be reordered, and a third syntax indicating the latency information.

Abstract: A method of decoding video including obtaining bit strings corresponding to current transformation coefficient level information by arithmetic decoding a bitstream based on a context model; determining a current binarization parameter by updating or maintaining a previous binarization parameter based on a comparison of a predetermined value and a size of a previous transformation coefficient; obtaining the current transformation coefficient level information by performing de-binarization of the bit strings using the determined current binarization parameter; and generating a size of a current transformation coefficient using the current transformation coefficient level information, wherein the determining the current binarization parameter further comprising: when the previous binarization parameter is larger than the predetermined value, updating the previous binarization parameter; and when the previous binarization parameter is not larger than the predetermined value, maintaining the previous binarization

Abstract: Provided is a multilayer video decoding method including obtaining a multilayer video bitstream; determining, based on the obtained multilayer video bitstream, whether or not a default reference type, in which at least one layer is inter-layer predicted by using at least one reference layer by default, is used; and inter-layer predicting the at least one layer by using the at least one reference layer according to the default reference type, based on the determining of whether or not the default reference type is used, and decoding an image including the at least one layer.

Abstract: Multilayer video encoding/decoding methods and apparatuses are provided. A multilayer video decoding method includes: obtaining inter-layer prediction allowance information from a bitstream; obtaining single layer use information from the bitstream when the inter-layer prediction allowance information indicates that inter-layer prediction is usable; determining at most only one layer among at least one layer, to which a current picture refers, as a reference layer when the single layer use information indicates that at most one picture is used for inter-layer prediction; and performing inter-layer prediction on the current picture by using a picture belonging to the reference layer.

Abstract: A multi-layer video encoding/decoding method and a multi-layer video encoding/decoding apparatus are provided. In the multi-layer video encoding method, image data is encoded to a multi-layer encoded image, at least one of encoded layers of a target output layer set is determined as an output layer, an index of at least three output layer subsets including at least one output layer from among the encoded layers of the target output layer set are generated based on the determined output layer, and a bitstream including the generated index and the multi-layer encoded image is generated.

Abstract: Provided are multilayer video encoding/decoding methods and apparatuses. A multilayer video decoding method may comprise obtaining, from a bitstream, information indicating a maximum size of a decoded picture buffer (DPB) with respect to a layer set comprising a plurality of layers; determining a size of the DPB with respect to the layer set based on the obtained information indicating the maximum size of the DPB; and storing a decoded picture of the layer set in the DPB of the determined size.