Abstract: A proteoliposome, which is obtained by removing a surfactant from a mixed solution including lipid, membrane proteins and the surfactant, wherein the content of the surfactant in the mixed solution is equal to or more than 1.5 times of the sum of a maximum amount of the surfactant associating with the lipid and a maximum amount of the surfactant associating with the membrane protein. A biochip wherein the above-described proteoliposome is spread on a substrate. A method for producing a proteoliposome by removing a surfactant from a mixed solution including lipid, membrane proteins and the surfactant, wherein the content of the surfactant in the mixed solution is made equal to or more than the sum of a maximum amount of the surfactant associating with the lipid and a maximum amount of the surfactant associating with the membrane protein.

Abstract: A liposome comprising a region of a lipid bilayer membrane with different membrane thicknesses, wherein each lipid bilayer membrane region is composed of a different lipid, and a thick membrane side in the region of the lipid bilayer membrane is formed of lipid having a phase transition temperature higher than that of the lipid forming a thin membrane side in the region of the lipid bilayer membrane. A proteoliposome, wherein the above-described liposome includes membrane proteins. A biochip, wherein the above-described liposome or the above-described proteoliposome is spread on a substrate. The above-described biochip, wherein the substrate includes at least one kind selected from the group consisting of mica, SiO2, SiN, Au and Pt.

Abstract: A protein chip including at least a substrate having a plurality of steps which are regularly arranged on one surface thereof; a plurality of metallic microstructures arranged in the steps; and a lipid vesicle in which an outer surface thereof is modified by a functional group and a protein is present in a lipid bilayer thereof. The metallic microstructures and the lipid vesicle are bound via the functional group to provide the protein on the substrate.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a stage for scanning probe microscopy that can be used in any kind of SPM and can effectively irradiate light to a sample and a solution near the sample without irradiated light blocked by a cantilever. The stage for scanning probe microscopy of the invention is a stage for scanning probe microscopy for fixing a sample substrate that mounts a sample to be observed thereon and has optical transparency and includes an opening that is provided below a portion where the sample substrate is fixed and that has an opening area included within the sample substrate in plan view. Light is irradiated from a bottom surface of the sample substrate onto the sample through the opening.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a stage for scanning probe microscopy that can be used in any kind of SPM and can effectively irradiate light to a sample and a solution near the sample without irradiated light blocked by a cantilever. The stage for scanning probe microscopy of the invention is a stage for scanning probe microscopy for fixing a sample substrate that mounts a sample to be observed thereon and has optical transparency and includes an opening that is provided below a portion where the sample substrate is fixed and that has an opening area included within the sample substrate in plan view. Light is radiated from a bottom surface of the sample substrate onto the sample through the opening.

Abstract: A liposome comprising a region of a lipid bilayer membrane with different membrane thicknesses, wherein each lipid bilayer membrane region is composed of a different lipid, and a thick membrane side in the region of the lipid bilayer membrane is formed of lipid having a phase transition temperature higher than that of the lipid forming a thin membrane side in the region of the lipid bilayer membrane. A proteoliposome, wherein the above-described liposome includes membrane proteins. A biochip, wherein the above-described liposome or the above-described proteoliposome is spread on a substrate. The above-described biochip, wherein the substrate includes at least one kind selected from the group consisting of mica, SiO2, SiN, Au and Pt.

Abstract: A proteoliposome, which is obtained by removing a surfactant from a mixed solution including lipid, membrane proteins and the surfactant, wherein the content of the surfactant in the mixed solution is equal to or more than 1.5 times of the sum of a maximum amount of the surfactant associating with the lipid and a maximum amount of the surfactant associating with the membrane protein. A biochip wherein the above-described proteoliposome is spread on a substrate. A method for producing a proteoliposome by removing a surfactant from a mixed solution including lipid, membrane proteins and the surfactant, wherein the content of the surfactant in the mixed solution is made equal to or more than the sum of a maximum amount of the surfactant associating with the lipid and a maximum amount of the surfactant associating with the membrane protein.

Abstract: A protein chip including at least a substrate having a plurality of steps which are regularly arranged on one surface thereof; a plurality of metallic microstructures arranged in the steps; and a lipid vesicle in which an outer surface thereof is modified by a functional group and a protein is present in a lipid bilayer thereof. The metallic microstructures and the lipid vesicle are bound via the functional group to provide the protein on the substrate.