Abstract: A method of estimating temperature in an engine including estimating metal temperatures at each of a plurality of nodes and estimating a coolant temperature. The method further includes detecting a measured coolant temperature and determining a gain based on a difference between the estimated coolant temperature and the measured coolant temperature. The method adjusts the metal temperatures at each of the plurality of nodes based on the gain. The method estimates the metal temperatures of engine components without temperature sensors.

Abstract: A cooling system has a diverter valve to selectively control the flow of coolant through an internal combustion engine having a cylinder block with a cooling jacket and a cylinder head mounted on the block with a cooling jacket. A controller, responsive to the temperature of the block and the head, controls the diverter valve and a water pump to provide adequate coolant flow through the head and the block as needed to maintain optimal operating temperatures. After the engine is shut off, the controller continues to operate the water pump and a cooling fan to continue to cool the engine for a period of time.

Abstract: A cooling system has a system bypass to reduce parasitic losses in an internal combustion engine. The system bypass has a diverter valve actuated by a control module to selectively control the amount of coolant flow through the engine without regard to the speed of the water pump. As less coolant is needed to cool the engine, the diverter valve directs more coolant through the bypass to be recirculated to the water pump. The energy absorbed by the water pump is reduced by the reduced coolant flow, which increases the efficiency of the system and reduces engine parasitic losses.

Abstract: An external combustor for a gas turbine engine has a cyclonic combustion chamber into which combustible gas with entrained solids is introduced through an inlet port in a primary spiral swirl. A metal draft sleeve for conducting a hot gas discharge stream from the cyclonic combustion chamber is mounted on a circular end wall of the latter adjacent the combustible gas inlet. The draft sleeve is mounted concentrically in a cylindrical passage and cooperates with the passage in defining an annulus around the draft sleeve which is open to the cyclonic combustion chamber and which is connected to a source of secondary air. Secondary air issues from the annulus into the cyclonic combustion chamber at a velocity of three to five times the velocity of the combustible gas at the inlet port. The secondary air defines a hollow cylindrical extension of the draft sleeve and persists in the cyclonic combustion chamber a distance of about three to five times the diameter of the draft sleeve.