Abstract: A memory system includes a first memory device including a plurality of first physical blocks; a second memory device including a plurality of second physical blocks; a first core suitable for managing a plurality of first super blocks that store data associated with a first logical address, the plurality of first super blocks being mapped to the plurality of first physical blocks; a second core suitable for managing a plurality of second super blocks that store data associated with a second logical address, the plurality of second super blocks being mapped to the plurality of second physical blocks; a global wear-leveling manager suitable for changing mapping between the first physical blocks, which are mapped to one among the first super blocks, and the second physical blocks, which are mapped to one among the second super blocks based on degrees of wear of the first and second super blocks.

Abstract: A memory system includes a first memory device including a plurality of first physical blocks; a second memory device including a plurality of second physical blocks; a first core suitable for managing a plurality of first super blocks that store data associated with a first logical address, the plurality of first super blocks being mapped to the plurality of first physical blocks; a second core suitable for managing a plurality of second super blocks that store data associated with a second logical address, the plurality of second super blocks being mapped to the plurality of second physical blocks; a global wear-leveling manager suitable for changing mapping between the first physical blocks, which are mapped to one among the first super blocks, and the second physical blocks, which are mapped to one among the second super blocks based on degrees of wear of the first and second super blocks.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a vehicle includes a valve that introduces or blocks a coolant discharged from a coolant pump into latent heat storage, a first temperature sensor that measures a first coolant temperature discharged from the coolant pump, a second temperature sensor that measures a second coolant temperature in the latent heat storage, and a controller that controls opening and closing of the valve based on the first coolant temperature measured by the first temperature sensor and the second coolant temperature measured by the second temperature sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a vehicle includes a valve that introduces or blocks a coolant discharged from a coolant pump into latent heat storage, a first temperature sensor that measures a first coolant temperature discharged from the coolant pump, a second temperature sensor that measures a second coolant temperature in the latent heat storage, and a controller that controls opening and closing of the valve based on the first coolant temperature measured by the first temperature sensor and the second coolant temperature measured by the second temperature sensor.

Abstract: A computing device and a method of operating the same are provided. The computing device includes a modem that communicates with an external device, a storage device, an application processor that accesses the storage device, and a switch that selectively provides one of a first communication path connecting the modem and the application processor and a second communication path connecting the modem and the storage device without passing through the application processor.

Abstract: A computing device and a method of operating the same are provided. The computing device includes a modem that communicates with an external device, a storage device, an application processor that accesses the storage device, and a switch that selectively provides one of a first communication path connecting the modem and the application processor and a second communication path connecting the modem and the storage device without passing through the application processor.

Abstract: A computing device and a method of operating the same are provided. The computing device includes a modem that communicates with an external device, a storage device, an application processor that accesses the storage device, and a switch that selectively provides one of a first communication path connecting the modem and the application processor and a second communication path connecting the modem and the storage device without passing through the application processor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the inventive concept include computer-implemented method for shadowing one or more boot images of a mobile device. The technique can include duplicating boot images to shadow partitions in a user area of a non-volatile memory device such as a flash memory. The technique can include detecting boot image corruption, and causing a mobile device to boot from the shadow partitions. The technique can include dynamically shadowing and releasing blocks used by the shadow partitions. The technique can include boot failure recovery and bad image preservation through firmware flash translation layer (FTL) logical to physical mapping updates. Boot image corruption failures can be recovered from and/or debugged using the shadow partitions.

Abstract: An embodiment includes a system, comprising: a device configured to present a logical device and enable a virtual device in response to a control signal; and a processor coupled to the device and configured to: present the logical device through a first device interface; transmit the control signal to the device to enable the virtual device; and after the virtual device is enabled, present the virtual device through a second device interface.

Abstract: A computing device and a method of operating the same are provided. The computing device includes a modem that communicates with an external device, a storage device, an application processor that accesses the storage device, and a switch that selectively provides one of a first communication path connecting the modem and the application processor and a second communication path connecting the modem and the storage device without passing through the application processor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the inventive concept include computer-implemented method for shadowing one or more boot images of a mobile device. The technique can include duplicating boot images to shadow partitions in a user area of a non-volatile memory device such as a flash memory. The technique can include detecting boot image corruption, and causing a mobile device to boot from the shadow partitions. The technique can include dynamically shadowing and releasing blocks used by the shadow partitions. The technique can include boot failure recovery and bad image preservation through firmware flash translation layer (FTL) logical to physical mapping updates. Boot image corruption failures can be recovered from and/or debugged using the shadow partitions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the inventive concept include computer-implemented method for shadowing one or more boot images of a mobile device. The technique can include duplicating boot images to shadow partitions in a user area of a non-volatile memory device such as a flash memory. The technique can include detecting boot image corruption, and causing a mobile device to boot from the shadow partitions. The technique can include dynamically shadowing and releasing blocks used by the shadow partitions. The technique can include boot failure recovery and bad image preservation through firmware flash translation layer (FTL) logical to physical mapping updates. Boot image corruption failures can be recovered from and/or debugged using the shadow partitions.

Abstract: An embodiment includes a system, comprising: a device configured to present a logical device and enable a virtual device in response to a control signal; and a processor coupled to the device and configured to: present the logical device through a first device interface; transmit the control signal to the device to enable the virtual device; and after the virtual device is enabled, present the virtual device through a second device interface.

Abstract: An embodiment includes a system, comprising: a device configured to present a logical device and enable a virtual device in response to a control signal; and a processor coupled to the device and configured to: present the logical device through a first device interface; transmit the control signal to the device to enable the virtual device; and after the virtual device is enabled, present the virtual device through a second device interface.

Abstract: Embodiments of the inventive concept include computer-implemented method for shadowing one or more boot images of a mobile device. The technique can include duplicating boot images to shadow partitions in a user area of a non-volatile memory device such as a flash memory. The technique can include detecting boot image corruption, and causing a mobile device to boot from the shadow partitions. The technique can include dynamically shadowing and releasing blocks used by the shadow partitions. The technique can include boot failure recovery and bad image preservation through firmware flash translation layer (FTL) logical to physical mapping updates. Boot image corruption failures can be recovered from and/or debugged using the shadow partitions.

Abstract: An embodiment includes a system, comprising: a device configured to present a logical device and enable a virtual device in response to a control signal; and a processor coupled to the device and configured to: present the logical device through a first device interface; transmit the control signal to the device to enable the virtual device; and after the virtual device is enabled, present the virtual device through a second device interface.

Abstract: A monitoring system for a selective catalyst reduction system according to the present invention includes a selective catalyst reduction system that reacts with ammonia and reduces NOx, a first NOx sensor that is disposed upstream of the selective catalyst reduction system and measures the amount of the NOx that flows into the selective catalyst reduction system, a second NOx sensor that is disposed downstream of the selective catalyst reduction system and measures the amount of the NOx that is reduced, an injector that is disposed between the first NOx sensor and the selective catalyst reduction system and injects a urea solution, and a control portion that calculates reduction efficiency based on signals that are detected from the first NOx sensor and the second NOx sensor, determines the necessary amount of the ammonia according to the reduction efficiency, and controls the injection amount of the urea solution through the injector.

Abstract: A memory system includes a nonvolatile memory device, a memory controller for controlling the nonvolatile memory device and a virtual data interface layer that manages reading and/or writing of patterned data from/to the nonvolatile memory device. In a read operation, the virtual data interface layer generates patterned data that is requested to be read. Accordingly, a read speed of the memory system may be improved.

Abstract: A memory card system and related write method are disclosed. The method includes receiving a write request for a predetermined page; performing a write operation on a first log block that corresponds to a first data block including the page; receiving an update request for the page; and performing a write operation on a second log block that corresponds to the first data block. The memory card system includes: at least one non-volatile memory including a data block and a log block for updating the data block; and a memory controller controlling an operation of the non-volatile memory. During a write operation for a predetermined page, the controller controls writing of a first log block corresponding to a first data block including the predetermined page, and controls writing of a second log block during an update operation of the predetermined page.

Abstract: A method of writing partial page data in a non-volatile memory device includes, reading data from a second block when the size of a last page of data to be written in a page of a first block is smaller than a size of the page of the first block, wherein a size of the read data is given by the size of the page of the first block minus the size of the last page of data; storing together data of the last page and the data read from the second block in a buffer; and writing the data stored in the buffer in the first block.