Abstract: Highly conductive silver may be fabricated at room temperature using in-situ reactive silver precursor inks by microreactor-assisted printing without any post-processing. Reactive silver nanoinks, synthesized in-situ from the microreactor, may be directly delivered onto glass and polymeric substrates without any surface treatment to form a highly dense and uniform silver feature. The distribution of the reactive silver nanoinks can be controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the continuous flow. Silver lines may be fabricated using the in-situ reactive precursors delivered via a micro-channel applicator.

Abstract: A midplane communication system includes: a midplane; at least one front daughter card configured to connect to a front side of the midplane; at least one rear daughter card configured to connect to a rear side of the midplane in a vertical direction relative to the front daughter card; and an orthogonal connector configured to electrically connect the front daughter card and the rear daughter card, wherein the orthogonal connector is configured to connect to the midplane at a vertical or horizontal offset to include at least one extra connection pin allowing an additional connection when connecting the front daughter card and the rear daughter card.

Abstract: Heterogeneous surfaces to tailor bubble nucleation, bubble sites, and bubble dynamics. In some embodiments, piezoelectric inkjet printing is employed to deposit hydrophobic polymer dot arrays having any predetermined pattern. In some further embodiments, a field region comprising hydrophilic nanostructures further surrounds these dot arrays. The hydrophobic sites may be disposed at a crater bottom to enhancing wicking and replenishment of evaporate. In some embodiments, a heat exchanger comprises the heterogeneous surface for enhanced critical heat flux. In some embodiments, an apparatus for conveying information comprises the heterogeneous surface to generate a 2D binary image with each bubble serving as an image pixel that corresponds to one or more site within the heterogeneous surface.

Abstract: In order to perform protection switching of a frame that is transmitted and received between a packet processor and a host processor, when an input frame is a receiving frame and a signal failure has occurred, by transporting a message including a protection switching command to a packet processor, protection switching is performed. Information representing that protection switching is performed is recorded in a header of the receiving frame, and a frame including a message including a corresponding header is transported to the host processor.

Abstract: Highly conductive silver may be fabricated at room temperature using in-situ reactive silver precursor inks by microreactor-assisted printing without any post-processing. Reactive silver nanoinks, synthesized in-situ from the microreactor, may be directly delivered onto glass and polymeric substrates without any surface treatment to form a highly dense and uniform silver feature. The distribution of the reactive silver nanoinks can be controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the continuous flow. Silver lines may be fabricated using the in-situ reactive precursors delivered via a micro-channel applicator.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a packet in a multi-protocol label switching-transport profile (MPLS-TP) network are provided. In the method of processing a packet, a packet transport layer (PTL) index and a layer stack (LS) or multiple label pop (MPOP) loopback header are used, and it is possible to remove a size limitation on lookup results of a lookup table when multiple labels are stacked, and solve the problem of having to extract all labels as label keys regardless of label operations upon an incoming label map (ILM) table lookup.

Abstract: In order to perform protection switching of a frame that is transmitted and received between a packet processor and a host processor, when an input frame is a receiving frame and a signal failure has occurred, by transporting a message including a protection switching command to a packet processor, protection switching is performed. Information representing that protection switching is performed is recorded in a header of the receiving frame, and a frame including a message including a corresponding header is transported to the host processor.

Abstract: A MPLS-TP network includes a first router, at least one second router, and a third router. The first router is set to a MEP and generates and transmits a link trace packet. The second router is set to an MIP, generates a response packet in response to reception of the link trace packet, transmits the response packet in a direction of the first router, and forwards the link trace packet. The third router is set to the MEP, generates a response packet in response to reception of the forwarded link trace packet, and transmits the response packet in the first router direction.

Abstract: Provided is a backbone edge switching apparatus and a packet processing method of the backbone edge switching apparatus. The backbone edge switching apparatus may generate and manage an integrated service flow by performing a lookup according to multiple layers with respect to an input packet. Accordingly, it is possible to provide various and effective transmission services.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transmitting data over a WLAN mesh network. Transmission sections of priority frames and general frames are initially set, and the priority frame transmission section is varied step-by-step within a specific range. Thus, QoS with respect to data requiring the real-time property can be guaranteed and transmission of general frames can be guaranteed to some degree. Accordingly, there is an effect that data transmission efficiency can be improved significantly.

Abstract: The inventive concept relates to a method of managing a packet being transmitted through a packet transmission network. The method may include distinguishing a buffer unit corresponding to the received data packet among a plurality of buffer units according to a type of a data packet received from the outside; comparing the number of packets stored in the distinguished buffer unit with a critical value; storing the received data packet in the distinguished buffer unit or a sub buffer unit corresponding to the distinguished buffer unit according to the comparing result; and transmitting the data packet stored in the distinguished buffer unit through a working path of the backbone network and transmitting the data packet stored in the sub buffer unit through a protection path of the backbone network.

Abstract: A transmitter, a receiver, and a method of supporting a space time block code (STBC) scheme in a single carrier (SC) system based on a unique word (UW) are provided. The transmitter supporting an STBC scheme in an SC system based on a UW includes: a space time (ST) encoder encoding a plurality of symbols, which has been received according to a predetermined pattern, using a space time encoding; a first UW adder generating a first transmission sequence by inserting a first UW after a first symbol, from the encoded plurality of symbols; and a second UW adder generating a second transmission sequence by inserting a second UW after a second symbol, from the encoded plurality of symbols.

Abstract: There is provided a packet processing apparatus for transmitting packets received from a plurality of networks through a Label Switched Path (LSP), the packet processing apparatus including: a packet classifier to classify a received packet to a control packet or a normal packet based on port information included in field information of the received packet, and to decide, if the received packet is a normal packet, a service type for transmitting the normal packet according to whether the normal packet is a reception packet or a transmission packet; and a packet processor to acquire LSP condition information or address information from the field information of the normal packet, and to transmit the received packet and update the header or address information of the received packet, according to the service type decided by the packet classifier, with reference to the LSP condition information or the address information.

Abstract: An L2/L3 packet processing and method are disclosed to process various Ethernet packets by interworking with a PBBN (Provider Backbone Bridges Network), a PBN (Provider Bridges Network), and an IPN (Internet Protocol Network).

Abstract: An apparatus for a continuous, automated quantitation of tin compounds in liquid samples and a method for quantitative analysis based on the said apparatus are provided herein. The inventive apparatus acidifies liquid samples and in case organotin compounds are present in the sample, a selective UV irradiation converts the organotin compounds into inorganic tin. The inventive apparatus quantitates this inorganic tin by means of electrochemical methods. The apparatus and method of the present invention allow quantitative analyses of trace amounts of organic and inorganic tin compounds present in liquid samples by converting organotin, a form unsuited for measurement, into inorganic tin, a form amenable to measurements and performing electrochemical analysis. Above all, the present invention affords the construction of an automated, continuous analysis system, making unnecessary additional manual operations and reducing labor costs.

Abstract: In a wireless data communication network, a mobile terminal is reconnected to a contents provider, when a connection established between the mobile terminal and the contents provider is interrupted or after a completion of the downloading of contents, by using return address information and contents address information including addresses of the contents provider and a web page including information relating to the downloaded contents, respectively. A WML (wireless markup language) script including the contents address information and the return address information is provided to the mobile terminal before initiating the downloading of the contents. In this way, the mobile terminal can easily be reconnected to the contents provider when the connection established between the mobile terminal and the contents provider is interrupted due to network congestion or the mobile terminal leaving the service coverage area.

Abstract: A packet processing apparatus and method are provided. The packet processing apparatus changes a size of an input packet, analyzes the input packet to perform a second layer associated process, generates basic delivery headers of the input packet, processes the input packet to which the basic delivery headers are inserted according to a type of the input packet, transforms the header of the input packet to which the basic delivery headers are inserted, and transitions the header-transformed input packet to delivers the packet. Accordingly, it is possible to process various packets without addition of separate process to the packet processing apparatus. In addition, a use efficiency of a network processing unit can be optimized, so that it is possible to increase a packet processing rate and performance.

Abstract: Provided is a backbone edge switching apparatus and a packet processing method of the backbone edge switching apparatus. The backbone edge switching apparatus may generate and manage an integrated service flow by performing a lookup according to multiple layers with respect to an input packet. Accordingly, it is possible to provide various and effective transmission services.

Abstract: A method for providing mobility of a mobile node in a packet transport network, and a packet transport network system are provided. The packet transport network system includes a plurality of gateway switches configured in a plurality of packet transport access networks to connect a packet transport core network and transmit/receive a packet to/from a certain terminal via a certain access switch. When the certain terminal moves, each gateway switch updates a tunnel mapping and management table according to the movement of the certain terminal, allocates a pre-set tunnel by using information included in the tunnel mapping and management table, and transmits/receives a packet to/from a counterpart terminal via the allocated tunnel. Thus, a packet loss and delay due to the influence of handover occurring when the mobile node moves between networks can be minimized and the handover procedure can be simplified.

Abstract: An L2/L3 packet processing and method are disclosed to process various Ethernet packets by interworking with a PBBN (Provider Backbone Bridges Network), a PBN (Provider Bridges Network), and an IPN (Internet Protocol Network).