Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system and apparatus for monitoring a partial discharge in a switchboard, including a plurality of partial discharge sensors provided in each of a plurality of switchboards to acquire partial discharge data generated in at least one switchboard, and a noise sensor provided in any one of the plurality of switchboards to acquire noise data to be differentiated from the partial discharge data acquired from the at least one partial discharge sensor, and it can be applied to other exemplary embodiments.

Abstract: The present invention provides an intermediate structure for use in manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and a method for manufacturing a DSSC with the intermediate structure. The intermediate structure comprises a first electrode coated with a nano-particle oxide and a second electrode laminated with the first electrode by a layer formed of a sealant. The sealant layer has openings in predetermined positions such that at least a portion of the internal space formed by the first electrode, the second electrode, and the sealant layer can communicate with the outside. With the intermediate structure, a superior quality of a DSSC can be manufactured in a simpler and more cost-effective way.