Abstract: A method for preparing a carbonic ester includes reacting carbon dioxide and a C1 to C10 alcohol with an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. With the method, carbonic ester can be prepared in high yield without recycling the organometallic compound. M(OR1)4??[Formula 1] wherein M is a Group IV or Group XIV element and each R1 is independently a C1 to C10 hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) lighting control system including: a central control device configured to transmit a lighting control signal, which is based on a unidirectional or bidirectional communication protocol, to a plurality of channels; a converter configured to be connected to one of the channels and determine whether the lighting control signal is based on the unidirectional communication protocol or the bidirectional communication protocol in response to the lighting control signal including channel information of the converter; and a driver configured to be connected to the converter and control the operation of a plurality of LED modules in accordance with a control data signal transmitted by the converter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a storage-battery vent cap which adjusts an internal pressure of a storage battery by exhausting a gas generated inside the storage battery to the outside and blocking inflow of external air. The vent cap includes a cylindrical body installed in a vent hole of the battery and formed with an exhaust hole; a cylindrical insert coupled to the body, a partition being formed inside the insert and a coupling hole and a air vent being formed in the partition; and a valve fixed to the coupling hole and elastically deformed by an internal pressure of the battery to open the air vent. The valve has an umbrella-like shape including a valve body having a larger diameter than that of the coupling hole, a cover formed on an outer circumferential surface of the valve body, and a fixing portion downwardly protruded from the valve body.

Abstract: Provided is a method of estimating a queuing delay. The method includes: obtaining a round trip time (RTT) reference value, a forward one-way transmit time (OTT) reference value and a backward OTT reference value; and in accordance with a determination of whether a first increment rate is larger or smaller than a second increment rate, updating one of the forward OTT reference value and the backward OTT reference value based on the RTT reference value, the first increment rate being a rate of increment in local time of the transmitter, the second increment rate being a rate of increment in local time of the receiver.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating a semiconductor device, a substrate including a circuit area and an overlay mark area is provided. Conductive gate patterns are formed on the substrate in the circuit area such that the overlay mark area is free of the gate patterns, and conductive contact patterns are formed on the substrate between the gate patterns in the circuit area. A mirror pattern is formed on the substrate in the overlay mark area, where the mirror pattern and the contact patterns comprising a same reflective material. Related semiconductor devices, overlay marks, and fabrication methods are also discussed.

Abstract: A method of display an image and a display device for performing the same are disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes receiving image data for a content image, determining a modulation region and a peripheral region in the content image and generating a left-eye content image and a right-eye content image based on the image data for the content image such that the modulation region has a three-dimensional depth. The method further includes displaying the left-eye content image and the right-eye content image and periodically changing the three-dimensional depth of the modulation region by changing a modulation distance between the modulation region in the left-eye content image and the modulation region in the right-eye content image based at least in part on a periodic modulation reference timing.

Abstract: A method of operating an electronic device includes displaying a first image, extracting a user-interested region from a region including the first image, and displaying a bioeffect image at the user-interested region. The first image and bioeffect image are different images.

Abstract: An image processing method and image processing device for performing the same are disclosed. In one aspect, the image processing method includes transmitting a content image having a visual condition to a display unit. The method also includes periodically changing the visual condition from a first visual condition to a second visual condition according to a modulation timing such that the content image to be displayed after the modulation timing has the second visual condition different from the first visual condition before commencement of the modulation timing.

Abstract: A method for preparing a carbonic ester includes reacting carbon dioxide and a C1 to C10 alcohol with an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. With the method, carbonic ester can be prepared in high yield without recycling the organometallic compound. M(OR1)4 ??[Formula 1] wherein M is a Group IV or Group XIV element and each R1 is independently a C1 to C10 hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A solenoid valve includes a valve configured to control a flow of a fluid; and a solenoid configured to operate the valve. The valve includes: a holder having a double tube structure including an inner tube formed with a supply passage and an outer tube, a control passage being formed between the inner tube and the outer tube; a first connection port formed at a first end of the inner tube to connect the supply passage and the control passage; a ball installed within the supply passage to open and close the first connection port; a core coupled to a first end of the outer tube; a second connection port formed in the core and connected to the control passage; and a load installed to extend through the second connection port and moved by the solenoid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel biphenyl derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating inflammatory diseases or autoimmune diseases comprising the same as an active ingredient, and methods for treating inflammatory disease or autoimmune diseases with the pharmaceutical composition. Novel biphenyl derivatives according to the present invention promote the phagocytosis of macrophages and inhibit the chemotaxis to exhibit excellent inflammation terminating and anti-inflammatory effects and thus can be effectively used as therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases or autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: An oil control valve includes a housing having a control port and a drain port, a first seat with a first penetration hole forming a first chamber, a second seat with a second penetration hole forming a second chamber communicated with the control port, the second seat with the housing forming a third chamber communicating with the drain port, a first check valve within the first chamber selectively closing the first penetration hole, a second check valve within the third chamber selectively closing the second penetration hole, and a third penetration hole, a control portion selectively opening the first check valve and simultaneously closing the second check valve or selectively closing the first check valve and simultaneously opening the second check valve and an orifice connecting the first chamber with the second chamber.

Abstract: A display device may include a signal controller configured to use a received image signal to generate sectional image signals, configured to determine a sequence for displaying sectional images that respectively correspond to the sectional image signals, and configured to use the sectional image signals to generate an image data signal. The sectional images may include a top left image, a bottom left image, a top right image, and a bottom right image. The device may further include a display panel configured to display the sectional images according to data signals generated based on the image data signal and according to the sequence. The sectional images may be portions of a whole image that has a size substantially equal to a display area of the display panel.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for controlling streams to receive data in parallel. The method includes receiving data in parallel using a plurality of connected streams, calculating a network congestion rate using a change in a transmission speed of data received through each of the plurality of streams, adjusting a number of connections of the plurality of streams based on the calculated network congestion rate, and receiving the data in parallel using the adjusted number of streams.

Abstract: Provided is a method of estimating a queuing delay. The method includes: obtaining a round trip time (RTT) reference value, a forward one-way transmit time (OTT) reference value and a backward OTT reference value; and in accordance with a determination of whether a first increment rate is larger or smaller than a second increment rate, updating one of the forward OTT reference value and the backward OTT reference value based on the RTT reference value, the first increment rate being a rate of increment in local time of the transmitter, the second increment rate being a rate of increment in local time of the receiver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oil control valve for a variable valve lift system that obtains in a stable manner a constant hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic line connecting the oil control valve and the vale lift control actuator, and thereby reliably controls valve lift according to the number of revolutions and load of the engine.

Abstract: A dust separating device for a vacuum cleaner is provided. The dust separating device includes a dust separating unit including a first main body movably connected to a second main body. The second main body includes a plurality of sub bodies coupled together. A vacuum cleaner is also provided. The vacuum cleaner includes a main vacuum cleaner body and a dust separating device including a dust separating unit and a filter unit. The dust separating device is detachably mounted to the main body and includes a plurality of main bodies.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for ensuring fairness of user datagram protocol (UDP) data transmission in an Ethernet environment. Transmission control protocol (TCP) transmission rate calculator calculates a current TCP transmission rate based on amount of a TCP data stream transmitted in real time from a transmission apparatus and received by a reception apparatus. TCP transmission rate calculator calculates the optimum transmission rate on the basis of the received amount of a TCP data stream transmitted to the reception apparatus before UDP data transmission of the transmission apparatus is started. When UDP data is transmitted from a transmission apparatus to a reception apparatus, a TCP data stream for determining fairness is transmitted together, so that the apparatus and method can be simplified by adding only the TCP stream without an additional module for estimating a queuing delay time on the basis of a round-trip time (RTT) and so on.

Abstract: Provided is a light-emitting diode (LED) lighting control system, and more particularly, an LED lighting control system capable of controlling not only a lighting module supporting unidirectional communication, but also a lighting module supporting bidirectional communication, notifying a central control device of any fault or failure in the unidirectional communication protocol-based lighting module, and removing any delays in lighting control that may be caused by limited communication lines.

Abstract: An oil pump control valve assembly includes a control valve for controlling a flow of a fluid, and a solenoid for operating the control valve. The control valve includes a tube-like holder having a hollow internal space, configured to include an inflow port formed at one end thereof, a tube-like first valve sheet formed in the middle end of the holder, a ball valve mounted in the first valve sheet, a second valve sheet coupled to a second end of the first valve sheet, and a load mounted in the second valve sheet, one end thereof being extended through the second valve sheet to come into contact with the ball valve, wherein, when the solenoid is operated, the ball valve is moved to open the inflow port.