Abstract: Disclosed herein are a catalyst for hydrocracking reaction of high molecular weight components in bio-oil, a method for preparing the same and a method for bio-oil upgrading using the same. The catalyst includes a zeolite carrier; and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru) and cerium (Ce) supported on the carrier. The catalyst promotes the hydrocracking of high molecular weight compounds contained in the bio-oil, but also inhibits the polymerization reaction of the decomposed product, thereby more effectively enhancing the hydrocracking reaction of the bio-oil.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a first substrate portion including a plurality of first insulating layers, a plurality of first wiring layers respectively disposed on the plurality of first insulating layers, and a plurality of first adhesive layers respectively disposed between the plurality of first insulating layers to respectively cover the plurality of first wiring layers; and a second substrate portion disposed on the first substrate portion, and including a plurality of second insulating layers, a plurality of second wiring layers respectively disposed on the plurality of second insulating layers, and a plurality of second adhesive layers respectively disposed between the plurality of second insulating layers to respectively cover the plurality of second wiring layers.

Abstract: An apparatus of starting an engine for a hybrid vehicle may include an engine configured for generating power by combustion of a fuel; a starting motor configured for starting the engine; a hybrid starter-generator configured for starting the engine, selectively operating as a generator, and selectively operating as a torque auxiliary device of a drive motor; and a controller configured for selectively performing a first starting mode to start the engine using the hybrid starter-generator according to a coolant temperature, a second starting mode to start the engine using the starting motor, and a third starting mode to start the engine using the starting motor and the hybrid starter-generator according to the coolant temperature.

Abstract: A method for controlling a back pressure valve may include: an operation of sensing, by a controller, an engine speed and a fuel injection rate; an operation of comparing the engine speed with a preset speed and comparing the fuel injection rate with a preset injection rate after the operation of sensing; and a first control operation of, when a result of the operation of comparing indicates that the engine speed is less than the preset speed and that the fuel injection rate is less than the preset injection rate, controlling a control constant of the back pressure valve to be set to a compensation value that is less than a reference value.

Abstract: A method for controlling a back pressure valve may include: an operation of sensing, by a controller, an engine speed and a fuel injection rate; an operation of comparing the engine speed with a preset speed and comparing the fuel injection rate with a preset injection rate after the operation of sensing; and a first control operation of, when a result of the operation of comparing indicates that the engine speed is less than the preset speed and that the fuel injection rate is less than the preset injection rate, controlling a control constant of the back pressure valve to be set to a compensation value that is less than a reference value.

Abstract: An engine control method for cold start stabilization is provided. The method includes detecting, by a controller, a cold start based on a cold start condition of a soaking condition of an engine in response to sensing a starting of the engine. In addition, a turbo charger is operated with a control value of a vane corresponding to a first allocated bit. After the cold start, either a normal control is performed to operate the turbo charger according to an engine running condition or cold start-2 is performed to again operate the turbo charger with a control value of the vane corresponding to a second allocated bit and then performing the normal control.