Abstract: A method of forming a microstructured surface includes the operations of depositing electrodes on a surface of a substrate and securing a mold against the surface of the substrate containing the electrodes with a tight contact with the electrodes, the mold containing a plurality of cavities therein. Pressure is applied between the mold and the substrate to force material from the substrate into the plurality of cavities around the electrodes to form a plurality of microfeatures. The mold is separated from the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a nicotine granule having a core-shell structure, in which the core includes a capsule including a base solution, and the shell includes a nicotine raw material.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for rechargeable lithium batteries, a method of preparing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same are disclosed. The positive electrode active material includes: a nickel-based active material; a cobalt-containing coating layer on a surface of the nickel-based active material; and a boron-containing coating layer on a surface of the cobalt-containing coating layer, wherein the positive electrode active material has a specific surface area of 0.45 m2/g to 0.60 m2/g.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for processing a substrate that can maintain a production amount even when a production model is changed. The method for processing a substrate comprises: disposing the substrate on a levitation stage; measuring a distance between the substrate and an inkjet head module; and changing a discharging speed of ink to be discharged from the inkjet head module based on the measured distance.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for rechargeable lithium batteries, a method of preparing the same, and a secondary battery including the same are disclosed. The positive electrode active material for rechargeable lithium batteries includes a lithium nickel-based transition metal composite oxide, wherein the lithium nickel-based transition metal composite oxide has a nickel content of 70 mol % or more and a cobalt content of 0 mol % to 0.01 mol % based on the total content of transition metals (or the total content of all metals excluding lithium). The lithium nickel-based transition metal composite oxide includes a lithium nickel-based active material and an aluminum-containing coating layer formed on a surface of the lithium nickel-based active material, and the aluminum-containing coating layer has an aluminum content of 10% to 35% as measured by EDS.

Abstract: Embodiments provide swallowable devices, preparations and methods for delivering drugs and other therapeutic agents within the GI tract. Particular embodiments provide a swallowable device such as a capsule for delivering drugs into the intestinal wall or other GI lumen. Embodiments also provide various drug preparations that are configured to be contained within the capsule, advanced from the capsule into the intestinal wall and degrade within the wall to release the drug to produce a therapeutic effect. The preparation can be coupled to a delivery mechanism having one or more balloons or other expandable devices which are expandable responsive to a condition in the small intestine or other GI lumen to advance the preparation out of the capsule into the intestinal wall. Embodiments are particularly useful for the delivery of drugs which are poorly absorbed, tolerated and/or degraded within the GI tract.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a frequency selective security paper and a method for manufacturing the same. The frequency selective security paper according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include: a drafting paper for forming a paper; a frequency resonator formed on one surface of the drafting paper and formed in a form of a meandering line or a capacitor so as to resonate to a designated frequency when passing through a security search device; and a coating liquid including the frequency resonator therein and formed on the drafting paper.

Abstract: Provided herein is a smoking article from which sound is generated. The smoking article according to some embodiments of the present disclosure may include a filter portion and a smoking material portion, and a sound-generating material including a carbohydrate material may be added to the smoking material portion. The sound-generating material may generate sound as the material burns, and the sound may further provide an auditory effect during smoking. In this way, an improved smoking experience may be provided to the smoker.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide swallowable devices, preparations and methods for delivering drugs and other therapeutic agents within the GI tract. Particular embodiments provide a swallowable device such as a capsule for delivering drugs into the intestinal wall or other GI lumen. Embodiments also provide various drug preparations that are configured to be contained within the capsule, advanced from the capsule into the intestinal wall and degrade within the wall to release the drug to produce a therapeutic effect. The preparation can be coupled to a delivery mechanism having one or more balloons or other expandable devices which are expandable responsive to a condition in the small intestine or other GI lumen to advance the preparation out of the capsule into the intestinal wall. Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful for the delivery of drugs which are poorly absorbed, tolerated and/or degraded within the GI tract.

Abstract: Provided are an external heating-type aerosol generating device and a cigarette used therein. Because heat energy is easily transferred to the cigarette, a sufficient amount of smoke may be provided to a user in initial puffs so that the user may have a satisfactory smoking experience.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an apparatus for controlling a display of a vehicle includes a case device provided to cover one region of an interior ceiling of the vehicle, a display device interposed between the case device and the interior ceiling and including a display region to display at least one image, when one end portion of the case device is in an open position, and a controller configured to control the display device to display the at least one image by using the display region of the display device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tobacco cigarette filter to reduce hazardous smoke components. The tobacco filter includes a paper sheet, wherein the paper sheet includes a pulp fiber and a chitosan fiber, and the pulp fiber includes at least one of a single fiber having an average coarseness of 13 mg/100 m or higher and a mixed fiber.

Abstract: There is provided a smoking material wrapper having micropores, wherein when the smoking material wrapper is divided into three regions at equal intervals from an upstream distal end based on the case where the smoking material wrapper is applied to a smoking article, an average porosity is greater as a region becomes closer to a downstream. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the micropores have a pore size of 10 ?m to 50 ?m, and are formed by a perforation method using plasma. The wrapper may maintain functionality as a wrapping material due to low visibility or the like, and may minimize a dilution ratio decreased due to burning of a smoking material unit while maintaining a basic dilution ratio when the smoking material wrapper is applied to a smoking article.

Abstract: Embodiments provide methods and apparatus for manufacturing a microtablet from a precursor material such as a pharmaceutical powder. Various embodiments provide a method which includes compressing the powder to form a compressed mass of a selected density and repeatedly compacting the compressed mass to increase the density of the compressed mass and form a microtablet. Related methods and apparatus are provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a wrapper for a non-combustion-type cigarette used in an aerosol generating device, according to an embodiment, includes manufacturing a reconstituted tobacco sheet by mixing a tobacco material and first pulp, and manufacturing a wrapper by mixing the reconstituted tobacco sheet and second pulp. A wrapper for a non-combustion-type cigarette used in an aerosol generating device has a tensile strength of 3.0 kgf/15 mm or greater, and includes at least one of cigar leaf powder, cigar leaf pieces, and cigar leaves.

Abstract: The present invention provides a smoking product filter and a smoking product comprising same, the filter comprising at least two filter parts, wherein at least one of two or more filter parts includes 2-4 holes.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an externally heated aerosol generation device and a cigarette that may provide a sufficient amount of atomization to allow a user to have a satisfactory smoking experience even during an initial puff because thermal energy is easily transferred to the cigarette.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a ventilation duct device for a vehicle seat, includes a cushion duct, a blower coupled to the cushion duct, configured for air exiting the blower to enter the cushion duct, a back duct, a corrugated pipe, configured for air exiting the blower to enter the back duct via the corrugated pipe, an elastic support unit coupled to and at least partially located within the corrugated pipe, a first end of the elastic support unit coupled to the cushion duct, a second end of the elastic support unit coupled to the back duct, and a spring member coupled between the first end of the elastic support unit and the second end of the elastic support unit, and the spring member being at least partially located within the corrugated pipe.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to reduce communications for position, navigation and timing (PNT) determinations are disclosed. A disclosed example apparatus to enable PNT determination for a mobile station includes at least one memory, machine readable instructions, and processor circuitry to at least one of instantiate or execute the machine readable instructions to identify features of signals of opportunity (SOOP) measured at a reference station, generate a model based on the identified features of the SOOP in conjunction with a position and a timing of the reference station, and provide at least one of the model or parameters associated with the model to the mobile station for the PNT determination.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a DC-DC converter including a slope compensation circuit configured to generate a sawtooth-shaped compensation ramp wave to output a slope voltage, a current sensing circuit configured to receive and convert a sensing current to output the converted current, and an adder configured to receive the slope voltage and the sensing current, wherein the adder includes a sensing resistor and a sensing switch, one end of the sensing resistor is connected to the current sensing circuit and the other end of the sensing resistor is connected to the sensing switch and the slope compensation circuit, and one end of the sensing switch is connected to the sensing resistor and the slope compensation circuit and the other end of the sensing switch is connected to the ground.