Abstract: A light-emitting element ink, a display device, and a method of fabricating the display device are provided. The light-emitting element ink includes a light-emitting element solvent, light-emitting elements dispersed in the light-emitting element solvent, each of the light-emitting elements including a plurality of semiconductor layers and an insulating film that surrounds parts of outer surfaces of the semiconductor layers, and a surfactant dispersed in the light-emitting element solvent, the surfactant including a fluorine-based and/or a silicon-based surfactant.

Abstract: Provided herein may be a memory controller and a memory system including the same. The memory controller includes a scanning period controller configured to reset, whenever scanning points sequentially arrive, access information indicating whether each of a plurality of pages is accessed, and set a scanning interval for each of the pages between the scanning points for the page based on an attribute of the page, an attribute determiner configured to determine, as a hot page or a cold page, the attribute of each of the pages based on an access interval for the page from the first scanning point among the scanning points for the page to time at which access to data stored in the page is requested, and a memory allocator configured to control first and second memory devices based on the attributes of the pages.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electric heater of a vehicular heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes turning on the electric heater; determining whether an ambient air temperature of a vehicle is higher than or equal to a threshold ambient air temperature, and a battery temperature is lower than or equal to a threshold battery temperature; determining whether battery efficiency is lower than or equal to threshold efficiency when the ambient air temperature of the vehicle is higher than or equal to the threshold ambient air temperature, and the battery temperature is lower than or equal to the threshold battery temperature; and turning off the electric heater when the battery efficiency is lower than or equal to the threshold efficiency, wherein the electric heater is configured to receive electric energy from the battery.

Abstract: A light-emitting element ink, a display device, and a method of fabricating the display device are provided. The light-emitting element ink includes a light-emitting element solvent, light-emitting elements dispersed in the light-emitting element solvent, each of the light-emitting elements including a plurality of semiconductor layers and an insulating film that surrounds parts of outer surfaces of the semiconductor layers, and a surfactant dispersed in the light-emitting element solvent, the surfactant including a fluorine-based and/or a silicon-based surfactant.

Abstract: A method of reinforcement learning of a neural network device for generating a verification vector for verifying a circuit design comprising a circuit block includes inputting a test vector to the circuit block, generating one or more rewards based on a coverage corresponding to the test vector, the coverage being determined based on a state transition of the circuit block based on the test vector, and applying the one or more rewards to a reinforcement learning.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a barrier metal in the semiconductor device. The method comprises the steps of a) patterning a porous film on a base layer to form a via hole, b) depositing a CVD TiN film on the entire structure including the via hole, c) implementing a plasma treatment process using N2+H2, d) repeatedly implementing the steps (b) and (c) in order to bury only the pores formed on the surface of the porous film with CVD TiN, and e) forming a barrier metal on the entire structure including the via hole. Therefore, the present invention can prevent introduction of the conductive material into the base layer in a subsequent process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a barrier metal in the semiconductor device. The method comprises the steps of a) patterning a porous film on a base layer to form a via hole, b) depositing a CVD TiN film on the entire structure including the via hole, c) implementing a plasma treatment process using N2+H2, d) repeatedly implementing the steps (b) and (c) in order to bury only the pores formed on the surface of the porous film with CVD TiN, and e) forming a barrier metal on the entire structure including the via hole. Therefore, the present invention can prevent introduction of the conductive material into the base layer in a subsequent process.