Abstract: A polyimide precursor monomer having an E value of 2.0 or more calculated by Equation 1 is selected among polyimide raw materials. A polyimide includes a structural unit derived from the polyimide precursor monomer having the E value of 2.0 or more. Optical properties of a polyimide film formed from the polyimide can be improved, and the optical properties of a polyimide film can be predicted from the E value of the polyimide precursor monomer even before production of the polyimide film.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electric heater of a vehicular heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes turning on the electric heater; determining whether an ambient air temperature of a vehicle is higher than or equal to a threshold ambient air temperature, and a battery temperature is lower than or equal to a threshold battery temperature; determining whether battery efficiency is lower than or equal to threshold efficiency when the ambient air temperature of the vehicle is higher than or equal to the threshold ambient air temperature, and the battery temperature is lower than or equal to the threshold battery temperature; and turning off the electric heater when the battery efficiency is lower than or equal to the threshold efficiency, wherein the electric heater is configured to receive electric energy from the battery.

Abstract: In an example, a display device includes a rollable display including a display side and an opposite non-display side. The rollable display includes a conductive material with a pattern disposed on the non-display side. The device includes a housing configured to house the rollable display and configured to roll in and roll out the rollable display along a first direction, and a capacitive sensor including a transmitter and a receiver electrode disposed within the housing and configured to sense the pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of printing a nanostructure including: preparing a template substrate on which a pattern is formed; forming a replica pattern having an inverse phase of the pattern by coating a polymer thin film on an upper portion of the template substrate, adhering a thermal release tape to an upper portion of the polymer thin film, and separating the polymer thin film from the template substrate; forming a nanostructure by depositing a functional material on the replica pattern; and printing the nanostructure deposited on the replica pattern to a substrate by positioning the nanostructure on the substrate, applying heat and pressure to the nanostructure, and weakening an adhesive force between the thermal release tape and the replica pattern by the heat.

Abstract: A color conversion substrate and a display device are provided. The color conversion substrate includes a base substrate, a first color filter and a second color filter disposed on a surface of the base substrate, a first partition layer disposed between the first color filter and the second color filter, a second partition layer disposed on the first partition layer, a first wavelength conversion pattern disposed on the first color filter and a second wavelength conversion pattern disposed on the second color filter, wherein the first partition layer includes a first lower surface disposed on the first color filter and a second lower surface disposed on the second color filter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of depositing a transition metal single-atom catalyst including preparing a carbon carrier, and depositing a transition metal single-atom catalyst on the carbon carrier, in which the carbon carrier is surface-treated by an oxidation process, and wherein the deposition is carried out by an arc plasma process.

Abstract: Provided is a composition including a fraction of the Syzygium formosum extract as an active ingredient, which inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines to prevent, ameliorate, or treat inflammation disease, and when the composition is included in cosmetics, the prepared cosmetics may have high stability.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to inotodiol as a liver X receptor agonist and use thereof for the treatment of a liver X receptor-mediated disease. Inotodiol according to an aspect, or a prodrug thereof has LXR?-specific agonist activity, and thus not only has remarkable safety compared to other LXR agonists, but can also be effectively used in the treatment of LXR-related diseases, such as a neurodegenerative brain disease, an autoimmune disease, NASH, and NAFLD.

Abstract: Provided are a method of manufacturing a functional polysaccharide, the method including: preparing a cell containing a polysaccharide; crushing the cell to extract polysaccharide to the outside of the cell to obtain an extract; and purifying the extract by removing at least one of crude protein, crude fat, and crude powder from the extract, and a cosmetic composition for skin moisturizing or skin elasticity improvement, the cosmetic composition including the functional polysaccharide as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for a digital twin-based carbon emission management. A method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise: transmitting a request for information on a price of carbon emission credits; receiving a response including information on the price of the carbon emission credits; performing a simulation for carbon emission transaction and equipment operation based on the received price of the carbon emission credits and a digital twin for equipment operation; transmitting a request for carbon transaction according to the price of the carbon emission credits, based on a result of the simulation; and completing the carbon transaction by receiving a response to the request for the carbon transaction.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate, a pixel isolation pattern in the substrate and defining unit pixel regions in the substrate, color filters on the substrate and corresponding to the unit pixel regions, respectively, a low-refractive index pattern between adjacent color filters of the color filters to at least partially isolate the adjacent color filters from direct contact with each other, an insulating structure between the substrate and the color filters, and a light blocking pattern vertically overlapping with the pixel isolation pattern. The light blocking pattern is within the insulating structure and is isolated from direct contact with the low-refractive index pattern.

Abstract: An image sensor including: a semiconductor substrate including a plurality of pixel regions; an anti-reflection layer on the semiconductor substrate; color filters provided on the anti-reflection layer and in the pixel regions; and a fence structure disposed between adjacent ones of the color filters, wherein the fence structure includes: a lower portion penetrating the anti-reflection layer; an upper portion on the anti-reflection layer; and an intermediate portion between the lower portion and the upper portion, wherein the fence structure has undercut regions, which are provided at both sides of the intermediate portion and are between the upper portion of the fence structure and a top surface of the anti-reflection layer.

Abstract: Provided is a composition for skin whitening, including a Syzygium formosum extract as an active ingredient. The Syzygium formosum extract has excellent tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and thus can be usefully used as a cosmetic composition for skin whitening or a composition for preventing or alleviating melanin hyperpigmentation diseases. In addition, the Syzygium formosum extract has excellent antibacterial and antiatopic activities, thereby being useful as an antibacterial and antiatopic composition.

Abstract: An image sensor is provided and may include a semiconductor substrate having a surface and including trench, the trench extending from the surface into the semiconductor substrate, an insulating pattern provided in the trench and a doped region in the semiconductor substrate and on the insulating patterns. The doped region includes a side portion on a side surface of the insulating pattern, and a bottom portion on a bottom surface of the insulating pattern. A thickness of the side portion of the doped region is from 85% to 115% of a thickness of the bottom portion of the doped region, and a number of dopants per unit area in the side portion of the doped region is from 85% to 115% of a number of dopants per unit area in the bottom portion.

Abstract: A swirl chamber-type diesel engine includes a secondary combustion chamber assembly coupled to a cylinder head to define a secondary combustion chamber having, on an inner wall surface thereof, a curved swirl induction part, and a connecting passage formed at a lower end of the swirl induction part; and a piston defining a primary combustion chamber and including a trench part being in communication with the connecting passage, and clover parts formed at both sides of the trench part, in which a bottom surface of the clover part has a stereoscopic structure in which a height of a bottom surface in a second region, which is distant in a direction of a flow of the combustion gas at a predetermined distance from a first region into which the combustion gas is introduced from the trench part is greater than a height of a bottom surface in the first region.

Abstract: A swirl chamber-type diesel engine includes a secondary combustion chamber assembly coupled to a cylinder head to define a secondary combustion chamber having, on an inner wall surface thereof, a curved swirl induction part, and a connecting passage formed at a lower end of the swirl induction part, and a piston defining a primary combustion chamber and including a trench part being in communication with the connecting passage, and clover parts formed at both sides of the trench part, in which a guide structure is provided in the connecting passage, and the guide structure divides combustion gas, discharged from the secondary combustion chamber to the primary combustion chamber, into three portions and guides the combustion gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering nickel and cobalt from a nickel, iron, and cobalt-containing raw material. According to the present invention, high concentrations of valuable metals, such as nickel and cobalt, can be recovered from a raw material containing nickel, iron, and cobalt, and especially, the concentrations of nickel and cobalt are low and the concentration of iron is high, and thus when nickel is leached, and relatively large amount of iron is leached, whereas a small amount of nickel is leached. Therefore, the present invention can be more suitably applied in the smelting of nickel ore in which the separation of iron and nickel is difficult.

Abstract: A medium composition for porcine pluripotent stem cells, containing bFGF, activin A, CHIR99021 and IWR-1 is disclosed. The composition is prepared from specific ingredients, excluding non-specific ingredients, thereby facilitating quality control, and thus is suitable for the study of porcine pluripotent stem cells. Also disclosed is a method for culturing, maintaining and preserving porcine pluripotent stem cells having the ability to form teratomas, by using the composition.

Abstract: A swirl chamber-type diesel engine includes a secondary combustion chamber assembly coupled to a cylinder head to define a secondary combustion chamber having, on an inner wall surface thereof, a curved swirl induction part, and a connecting passage formed at a lower end of the swirl induction part; and a piston defining a primary combustion chamber and including a trench part being in communication with the connecting passage, and clover parts formed at both sides of the trench part, in which a bottom surface of the clover part has a stereoscopic structure in which a height of a bottom surface in a second region, which is distant in a direction of a flow of the combustion gas at a predetermined distance from a first region into which the combustion gas is introduced from the trench part is greater than a height of a bottom surface in the first region.

Abstract: A swirl chamber-type diesel engine includes a secondary combustion chamber assembly coupled to a cylinder head to define a secondary combustion chamber having, on an inner wall surface thereof, a curved swirl induction part, and a connecting passage formed at a lower end of the swirl induction part, and a piston defining a primary combustion chamber and including a trench part being in communication with the connecting passage, and clover parts formed at both sides of the trench part, in which a guide structure is provided in the connecting passage, and the guide structure divides combustion gas, discharged from the secondary combustion chamber to the primary combustion chamber, into three portions and guides the combustion gas.