Abstract: A system for managing a seat occupancy status by a passenger and a control method of the system includes a seat belt sensor provided for each seat to detect a fastening or unfastening of the seat belt, a pressure detection unit provided for each seat to detect occupancy or non-occupancy of a seat by a passenger and pressure of the seated passenger, a secondary control unit provided for each seat and woken up by radio communication with a vehicle to alert to an unfastened state of the seat belt when the seat belt is unfastened upon determining, by a seat belt sensor, whether the seat belt is fastened, and a primary control unit provided in the vehicle to perform radio communications with each secondary control unit and check an abnormality based on reception or non-reception of the system data transmitted from the secondary control unit.

Abstract: A parking release monitoring device for an automatic transmission vehicle is proposed. The device includes: a receiver sensing an output signal of a shift lever; a determiner determining a target gear stage in accordance with the output signal of the shift lever; a driver transmitting a control signal to a parking solenoid to engage a parking sprag and applying a driving current to a clutch control solenoid to engage a clutch and prevent rolling of the vehicle when the determined target gear stage is a P-gear stage; and a detector measuring the intensity of the driving current applied to the clutch control solenoid, in which the determiner receives intensity information of the driving current applied to the clutch control solenoid from the detector and compares the received intensity information of the driving current with the output signal of the shift lever, thereby determining whether parking release has occurred.

Abstract: A parking release monitoring device for an automatic transmission vehicle is proposed. The device includes: a receiver sensing an output signal of a shift lever; a determiner determining a target gear stage in accordance with the output signal of the shift lever; a driver transmitting a control signal to a parking solenoid to engage a parking sprag and applying a driving current to a clutch control solenoid to engage a clutch and prevent rolling of the vehicle when the determined target gear stage is a P-gear stage; and a detector measuring the intensity of the driving current applied to the clutch control solenoid, in which the determiner receives intensity information of the driving current applied to the clutch control solenoid from the detector and compares the received intensity information of the driving current with the output signal of the shift lever, thereby determining whether parking release has occurred.

Abstract: A method of protecting a frictional element of a clutch for an automatic transmission includes calculating an equivalent rotation number X of a frictional element using a trigonometric function equation on the basis of a virtual right triangle, if a rotation number of an engine exceeds a predetermined boundary value during a driving in a constant speed stage over a predetermined shift stage of an automatic transmission, entering a frictional element protection mode, if the equivalent rotation number X of the frictional element exceeds a predetermined critical value in a state in which the control unit enters the frictional element protection mode, reducing the rotation number of the engine by applying a target engine torque limiting value.

Abstract: A method of protecting a frictional element of a clutch for an automatic transmission is provided.

Abstract: Provided is an engine power estimation apparatus for estimating an engine power at a gear shift completion time when making a speed change of a vehicle. The engine power estimation apparatus includes a gear shift detection unit configured to detect the speed change of the vehicle; an axle speed estimation unit configured to calculate a target axle speed at the gear shift completion time, using an axle speed and a gear shift time learning value, when the speed change of the vehicle is detected; and an engine power estimation unit configured to calculate a target engine power at the gear shift completion time, using the target axle speed and engine load information.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling a clutch using a fail-safe valve, and the apparatus includes: a fail-safe valve which is moved to the left or right according to an on-off operation of an on-off solenoid valve; and a control unit configured to control the fail-safe valve through the on-off solenoid valve; wherein when engine torque is a predetermined reference value or more, the control unit turns off the on-off solenoid valve to move the fail-safe valve for applying line pressure to the clutch, and when the engine torque is lower than the predetermined reference value, the control unit turns on the on-off solenoid valve to move the fail-safe valve for applying control pressure to the clutch.

Abstract: Provided is an engine power estimation apparatus for estimating an engine power at a gear shift completion time when making a speed change of a vehicle. The engine power estimation apparatus includes a gear shift detection unit configured to detect the speed change of the vehicle; an axle speed estimation unit configured to calculate a target axle speed at the gear shift completion time, using an axle speed and a gear shift time learning value, when the speed change of the vehicle is detected; and an engine power estimation unit configured to calculate a target engine power at the gear shift completion time, using the target axle speed and engine load information.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for controlling a clutch using a fail-safe valve, and the apparatus includes: a fail-safe valve which is moved to the left or right according to an on-off operation of an on-off solenoid valve; and a control unit configured to control the fail-safe valve through the on-off solenoid valve; wherein when engine torque is a predetermined reference value or more, the control unit turns off the on-off solenoid valve to move the fail-safe valve for applying line pressure to the clutch, and when the engine torque is lower than the predetermined reference value, the control unit turns on the on-off solenoid valve to move the fail-safe valve for applying control pressure to the clutch.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery having a cap assembly including a cap plate, an insulation plate and a terminal plate. The insulation plate and the terminal plate each have a predetermined vent hole corresponding to a safety vent formed on the cap plate so that if the secondary battery is dropped, an electrolyte passes through the vent-holes and undergoes a pressure reduction, thereby preventing fracture of a safety vent by the electrolyte while allowing gas to be exhausted upon battery overcharge, full discharge or by overheating.