Abstract: An AC inrush current testing device is disclosure. The AC inrush current testing device includes a grid voltage peak point calculator, a grid voltage period and timing detector, a switch, an autotransformer, and a main relay. The grid voltage period and timing detector is connected to an AC power source and the grid voltage peak point calculator. A movable contact of the switch is connected to the AC power source. A first winding of the autotransformer is connected to the AC power source, a second winding of the autotransformer, and a first stationary contact of the switch. A third winding of the autotransformer is connected to a second stationary contact of the switch and the second winding. The main relay is electrically connected to the grid voltage peak point calculator, the second winding, and the third winding. A method for testing AC inrush current is further disclosed.

Abstract: An energy-saving power supply apparatus includes a bridge rectifier, a diode bypass circuit and a control circuit. The diode bypass circuit is electrically connected to the bridge rectifier. The control circuit is electrically connected to the diode bypass circuit and the bridge rectifier. The bridge rectifier includes a plurality of diodes. After the control circuit receives a power start signal, the control circuit is configured to control the diode bypass circuit, so that a part of the diodes are bypassed to save energy.

Abstract: An AC inrush current testing device is disclosure. The AC inrush current testing device includes a grid voltage peak point calculator, a grid voltage period and timing detector, a switch, an autotransformer, and a main relay. The grid voltage period and timing detector is connected to an AC power source and the grid voltage peak point calculator. A movable contact of the switch is connected to the AC power source. A first winding of the autotransformer is connected to the AC power source, a second winding of the autotransformer, and a first stationary contact of the switch. A third winding of the autotransformer is connected to a second stationary contact of the switch and the second winding. The main relay is electrically connected to the grid voltage peak point calculator, the second winding, and the third winding. A method for testing AC inrush current is further disclosed.

Abstract: An energy-saving power supply apparatus includes a bridge rectifier, a diode bypass circuit and a control circuit. The diode bypass circuit is electrically connected to the bridge rectifier. The control circuit is electrically connected to the diode bypass circuit and the bridge rectifier. The bridge rectifier includes a plurality of diodes. After the control circuit receives a power start signal, the control circuit is configured to control the diode bypass circuit, so that a part of the diodes are bypassed to save energy.

Abstract: A coupler for a spiral membrane filtration element having a spiral membrane enclosed within a rigid outerwrap includes a center support, a plurality of spokes extending outwardly from the center support, a circular rim coupled with the spokes, with the face of the rim being perpendicular to the axis of the overwrap. The rim includes a channel on its face for receiving a compressible seal, and a plurality of receptacles around its outer surface for joining two face-to-face adjacent couplers when a pair of aligned keepers is place in each receptacle. Exemplary embodiments of the coupler and filtration elements and filtration assemblies are provided, as well as an associated method.

Abstract: A coupler for a spiral membrane filtration element having a spiral membrane enclosed within a rigid outerwrap includes a center support, a plurality of spokes extending outwardly from the center support, a circular rim coupled with the spokes, with the face of the rim being perpendicular to the axis of the overwrap. The rim includes a channel on its face for receiving a compressible seal, and a plurality of receptacles around its outer surface for joining two face-to-face adjacent couplers when a pair of aligned keepers is placed in each receptacle. Exemplary embodiments of the coupler and filtration elements and filtration assemblies are provided, as well as an associated method.

Abstract: A coupler for a spiral membrane filtration element having a spiral membrane enclosed within a rigid outerwrap includes a center support, a plurality of spokes extending outwardly from the center support, a circular rim coupled with the spokes, with the face of the rim being perpendicular to the axis of the overwrap. The rim includes a channel on its face for receiving a compressible seal, and a plurality of receptacles around its outer surface for joining two face-to-face adjacent couplers when a pair of aligned keepers is place in each receptacle. Exemplary embodiments of the coupler and filtration elements and filtration assemblies are provided, as well as an associated method.

Abstract: A coupler for a spiral membrane filtration element having a spiral membrane enclosed within a rigid outerwrap includes a center support, a plurality of spokes extending outwardly from the center support, a circular rim coupled with the spokes, with the face of the rim being perpendicular to the axis of the overwrap. The rim includes a channel on its face for receiving a compressible seal, and a plurality of receptacles around its outer surface for joining two face-to-face adjacent couplers when a pair of aligned keepers is place in each receptacle. Exemplary embodiments of the coupler and filtration elements and filtration assemblies are provided, as well as an associated method.

Abstract: A coupler for a spiral membrane filtration element having a spiral membrane enclosed within a rigid outerwrap includes a center support, a plurality of spokes extending outwardly from the center support, a circular rim coupled with the spokes, with the face of the rim being perpendicular to the axis of the overwrap. The rim includes a channel on its face for receiving a compressible seal, and a plurality of receptacles around its outer surface for joining two face-to-face adjacent couplers when a pair of aligned keepers is place in each receptacle. Exemplary embodiments of the coupler and filtration elements and filtration assemblies are provided, as well as an associated method.

Abstract: A coupler for a spiral membrane filtration element having a spiral membrane enclosed within a rigid outerwrap includes a center support, a plurality of spokes extending outwardly from the center support, a circular rim coupled with the spokes, with the face of the rim being perpendicular to the axis of the overwrap. The rim includes a channel on its face for receiving a compressible seal, and a plurality of receptacles around its outer surface for joining two face-to-face adjacent couplers when a pair of aligned keepers is place in each receptacle. Exemplary embodiments of the coupler and filtration elements and filtration assemblies are provided, as well as an associated method.

Abstract: A process for producing an alumina material with high strength is disclosed. The process for producing an alumina material includes the steps of (a) providing a solution containing a dispersing agent, (b) mixing a .theta.-alumina powder and an .alpha.-alumina powder with the solution to form a slurry, (c) filtering the slurry to form a green part, (d) drying the green part, and (e) densifying the dried green part to form the alumina material.

Abstract: A vapor-liquid contact tray (16) is provided with an upstream downcomer (46) and a downstream downcomer (48) which form a two-stage downcomer. The discharge outlet (62) of the upstream downcomer (46) feeds liquid into the downstream downcomer (48) to help seal the discharge outlet (58) of the downstream downcomer (48) against vapor entry at lower liquid flow rates and to allow positioning of the discharge outlet (58) above the height of the weir (66) on the underlying tray (16). Because the upstream downcomer (46) does not discharge liquid directly onto the underlying tray deck (40), the area of the tray deck (40) underlying the upstream downcomer (46) can contain vapor flow apertures (68) to increase the active area and mass transfer efficiency of the tray (16).

Abstract: A vapor-liquid contact tray is provided which includes a plurality of openings and associated fixed roof structures which redirect vapor flowing vertically upward through the openings to horizontal flow paths. Each fixed roof structure includes a generally planar deflector which overlies and is spaced above the associated opening in the tray. The deflector is joined to the tray by end plates connected at one end to the tray and at the other end to the deflector. In one embodiment the deflector is generally parallel to the tray and divides the vertically flowing vapor stream into roughly equal oppositely flowing vapor streams. In other embodiments, the deflector is inclined in relation to the tray to preferentially direct the vapor stream in one direction or to split the vapor stream into equal portions which are directed in the same general direction.

Abstract: A vapor-liquid contact tray and downcomer assembly is provided with ramps which serve to impart a horizontal directional flow to the liquid exiting the downcomer and/or the vapor passing through the tray. The downcomer includes a bottom plate which closes the outlet region of the downcomer and includes a plurality of ramps which redirect the downwardly flowing liquid to include a horizontal component in the direction of liquid flow across the underlying tray. The downcomer receiving area in the underlying tray can include valves having floating caps which shield the associated openings in the tray against liquid weeping and redirect the vertical movement of the vapor streams to a generally horizontal momentum.

Abstract: A mass transfer or heat exchange column is provided with a vapor distributor having, in one embodiment, a deflecting surface which directs a vapor stream about the inner periphery of the column. Following discharge from the distributor, the vapor stream contacts circumferentially spaced guide vanes which redirect the vapor stream toward the center of the column to cause a more uniform distribution of the vapor stream across the horizontal cross section of the column.

Abstract: A mass transfer or heat exchange column is provided with a vapor distributor which circulates a vapor stream about the inner periphery of the column. The vapor stream is discharged from the distributor through an at least partially open bottom and, optionally, a plurality of spaced apart outlet ports in an inner annular wall of the distributor. A deflector extends upwardly along the inner annular wall to deflect the vapor stream away from a circumferential flow path along the inward face of the wall. The deflector may also extend outwardly under the flow channel to deflect, in a radially inward direction, vapor exiting the flow channel through the open bottom of the distributor.

Abstract: An improved laminar flow elbow system and method wherein the elbow system comprises a straight pre-pipe section to define the flow path of a fluid; the pipe section included directly prior to the inlet of a curved pipe section and having and comprising a plurality of vanes to impart a rotation to the fluid before passing through a curved pipe section to provide a generally flat velocity profile at the exit of the curved pipe section and to minimize turbulence of the fluid as it passes through the curved pipe section, and a substantially straight post-pipe section to define a flow path exit pipe section included directly at the exit of the curved pipe section, and containing a plurality of vanes to impart a backward rotation movement to the fluid flow from the exit of the curved pipe section, to substantially terminate rotation of the fluid upon exiting from the straight pipe section without substantial deterioration of the flatness of the fluid velocity profile and without generating substantial amounts of tu

Abstract: A vapor-liquid contact tray and downcomer assembly is provided with louvres which serve to impart a horizontal directional flow to the liquid exiting the downcomer and/or the vapor passing through the tray. The downcomer includes a bottom plate which closes the outlet region of the downcomer and includes a plurality of louvres presenting generally vertical openings in the direction of liquid flow across the underlying tray. The downcomer receiving area in the underlying tray can include similar louvres. The louvres redirect the vertical momentum of the liquid and vapor streams to a generally horizontal momentum as the liquid exits the downcomer and as the vapor rises through the tray. In other embodiments, the louvres in either the bottom plate or the downcomer receiving area of the tray are replaced with apertures which do not block the vertical momentum of the stream passing through the apertures. An enhanced vapor-liquid active area on the tray results from the use of the louvres.

Abstract: A mist eliminator for removing liquid droplets from a gas stream, which includes a plurality of impingement baffles, the baffles having a profile including a short inlet section, a lower angled section, a short interconnecting section, an upper angled section, and a short outlet section, the length of the lower angled section longer than the upper angled section, the upper angled section having a greater angular inclination than the lower angled section, thereby providing for a mist eliminator for use in a gas.-liquid contact column of higher gas throughput, low pressure drop, moderate removal efficiency, and low manufacturing cost, which is easily cleaned, and particularly adapted for wet scrubbing processes.

Abstract: A liquid distributor apparatus and method for the distribution of a high viscosity liquid into a process vessel generally free of entrapped gas bubbles. The distributor apparatus includes a distributor for the high viscosity liquid with openings on the top of the distributor to vent gas entrapped in the high viscosity liquid. The distributor apparatus includes a feed pipe to deliver smoothly and without gas entrapment a high viscosity liquid from the distributor directly onto a cup-like or conical surface of a distributor tube to form a downwardly flowing film on the exterior surface of the distributor tube and to deliver the high viscosity liquid to the top section of the process vessel without gas entrapment. The method comprises venting gas from a high viscosity liquid and slowing the downward velocity of the vented, high viscosity liquid into the process vessel to avoid further gas entrapment.