Abstract: Provided is an operating method of an advertisement management device, the operating method including: based on log data of a plurality of users collected from a certain game, setting at least one group for the certain game; registering advertisement information to be provided to the at least one group; requesting a plurality of platform servers capable of providing advertisements to provide the advertisement information for each of the at least one group; obtaining, from the plurality of platform servers, feedback information of advertisements provided for each of the at least one group; and based on the feedback information, performing management of the advertisement information registered for each of the at least one group.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a vehicle wheel includes: a casting process of manufacturing the wheel in a one-piece body having a forming end and a temporary flange protruding at inner and outer sides of the wheel, respectively, wherein the one-piece body further includes a resonance chamber forming groove; a primary shape machining process of forming a stepped part at an outer circumferential side of the resonance chamber forming groove; a flow forming process of bending the forming end to be seated on the stepped part; a friction stir welding process of integrally bonding a portion where the forming end and the stepped part are in close contact with each other; a fine machining process of removing the temporary flange; and a sound-absorbing hole machining process of forming a sound-absorbing hole for communicating between the resonance chamber and an interior space of a tire in the forming end.

Abstract: Provided are a current collector for a battery, including: a base material; adhesive layers positioned on the base material; and metal mesh layers positioned on the adhesive layers, in which the metal mesh layer includes a plurality of metal mesh patterns, and holes positioned between the metal mesh patterns, and a method of manufacturing the same. An active material is applied onto the metal mesh layer through the holes of the metal mesh layer, and thus a contact area of the metal mesh layer and the active material is increased, so that it is possible to restrict the active material from being deintercalated from the current collector and improve a cycle lifespan property of a battery.

Abstract: Provided are a porous silicon-based anode active material including porous SiOx particles (0?x<2) having surfaces coated with an oxide layer, a method of preparing the same, and a lithium secondary battery including the porous silicon-based anode active material. Since the anode active material includes an oxide layer formed on the porous SiOx particles (0?x<2), a reactivity between the anode active material and an electrolyte solution may be reduced and, as a result, an electrical short circuit in an electrode may be minimized. Also, since a plurality of pores is included in surfaces or the surfaces and inside of the SiOx particles, a thickness change rate of the electrode generated during charge and discharge of a secondary battery may be reduced and lifetime characteristics may be improved.

Abstract: Provided are a porous silicon-based particle including a silicon (Si) or SiOx(0<x<2) particle, wherein the particle includes a plurality of nonlinear pores, and the nonlinear pores are formed as open pores in a surface of the particle, and a method of preparing the porous silicon-based particles. Porous silicon-based particles according to an embodiment of the present invention may be more easily dispersed in an anode active material slurry, may minimize side reactions with an electrolyte, and may reduce volume expansion during charge and discharge. Also, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the shape, form, and size of pores formed in the porous silicon-based particle may be controlled by adjusting the type of a metal catalyst, the concentration of the catalyst, and etching time.

Abstract: A closed loop type fuel cell system performs a removal function for an oxidant and a reductant, which are unreacted material, including a recirculating component for recirculating the oxidant and the reductant discharged from the main fuel cell back into the main fuel cell; and a regenerating component for removing moisture produced during the operation of the main fuel cell and impurities contained in the recirculated oxidant and reductant.

Abstract: Provided are a porous silicon-based anode active material including porous SiOx particles (0?x<2) having surfaces coated with an oxide layer, a method of preparing the same, and a lithium secondary battery including the porous silicon-based anode active material. Since the anode active material includes an oxide layer formed on the porous SiOx particles (0?x<2), a reactivity between the anode active material and an electrolyte solution may be reduced and, as a result, an electrical short circuit in an electrode may be minimized. Also, since a plurality of pores is included in surfaces or the surfaces and inside of the SiOx particles, a thickness change rate of the electrode generated during charge and discharge of a secondary battery may be reduced and lifetime characteristics may be improved.

Abstract: A closed loop type fuel cell system is provided including a recirculating unit that recirculates hydrogen and oxygen discharged from a main fuel cell into the main fuel cell and a reproducing unit that removes water produced in operation of the main fuel cell and impurities contained in the circulated hydrogen and oxygen. Further, a closed loop type fuel cell is provided that makes it possible to generate electricity by using a main fuel cell and purify water and impurities by allowing a side of a recirculating unit to selectively communicate with a side of a reproducing unit. Further, a closed loop type fuel cell is provided that is precluded by being damaged by precluding reduction of efficiency of electric generation of a main fuel cell by selectively replacing a sacrifice fuel cell in a reproducing unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are a negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery including a core including a material being capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions and a shell positioned on the surface of the core, wherein the shell includes antimony-doped tin oxide, a method of manufacturing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same.

Abstract: Provided are a current collector for a battery, including: a base material; adhesive layers positioned on the base material; and metal mesh layers positioned on the adhesive layers, in which the metal mesh layer includes a plurality of metal mesh patterns, and holes positioned between the metal mesh patterns, and a method of manufacturing the same. An active material is applied onto the metal mesh layer through the holes of the metal mesh layer, and thus a contact area of the metal mesh layer and the active material is increased, so that it is possible to restrict the active material from being deintercalated from the current collector and improve a cycle lifespan property of a battery.

Abstract: Provided are a porous silicon-based particle including a silicon (Si) or SiOx (0<x<2) particle, wherein the particle includes a plurality of nonlinear pores, and the nonlinear pores are formed as open pores in a surface of the particle, and a method of preparing the porous silicon-based particles. Porous silicon-based particles according to an embodiment of the present invention may be more easily dispersed in an anode active material slurry, may minimize side reactions with an electrolyte, and may reduce volume expansion during charge and discharge. Also, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the shape, form, and size of pores formed in the porous silicon-based particle may be controlled by adjusting the type of a metal catalyst, the concentration of the catalyst, and etching time.

Abstract: An open type fuel cell system is provided including a recirculating unit that recirculates hydrogen discharged from a main fuel cell into the main fuel cell and a reproducing unit that removes water and impurities produced in operation of the main fuel cell. The open type fuel cell system is adapted so that it does not discharge hydrogen supplied to a main fuel cell into the atmosphere.

Abstract: An open type fuel cell system is provided. The fuel cell system can have an unreacted material removing function, including a main fuel cell reacting an oxidant and a reductant to generate electricity, a supply means supplying material containing an oxidant and a reductant for the main fuel cell, a recirculating means recirculating unreacted material, a detector detecting voltages, a regenerating means, a humidification means, an exhausting means, and a controller controlling actions of the supply means, the recirculating means, the detector, the regenerating means, the humidification means, and the exhausting means.

Abstract: An open type fuel cell system is provided including a recirculating unit that recirculates hydrogen discharged from a main fuel cell into the main fuel cell and a reproducing unit that removes water and impurities produced in operation of the main fuel cell. The open type fuel cell system is adapted so that it does not discharge hydrogen supplied to a main fuel cell into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A closed loop type fuel cell system is provided including a recirculating unit that recirculates hydrogen and oxygen discharged from a main fuel cell into the main fuel cell and a reproducing unit that removes water produced in operation of the main fuel cell and impurities contained in the circulated hydrogen and oxygen. Further, a closed loop type fuel cell is provided that makes it possible to generate electricity by using a main fuel cell and purify water and impurities by allowing a side of a recirculating unit to selectively communicate with a side of a reproducing unit. Further, a closed loop type fuel cell is provided that is precluded by being damaged by precluding reduction of efficiency of electric generation of a mina fuel cell by selectively replacing a sacrifice fuel cell in a reproducing unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is an open type fuel cell system with an unreacted material removing function, including a main fuel cell reacting an oxidant and a reductant to generate electricity, a supply means supplying material containing an oxidant and a reductant for the main fuel cell, a recirculating means recirculating unreacted material discharged from a main fuel cell into the main fuel cell, a detector detecting voltages of a plurality of cells composing the main fuel cell, a regenerating means selectively communicating to one side of the main fuel cell to remove moisture and impurities inside the main fuel cell, a humidification means supplying moisture discharged from the main fuel cell into the main fuel cell, an exhausting means circulating and exhausting inside the regenerating means unreacted material remnant inside the regenerating means, and a controller controlling actions of the supply means, the recirculating means, the detector, the regenerating means, the humidification means, and the exhausting means.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a closed loop type fuel cell system having a removal function for an oxidant and a reductant, which are unreacted material, including a recirculating means recirculating oxidant and reductant discharged from the main fuel cell back into the main fuel cell; and a regenerating means for removing moisture produced during the operation of the main fuel cell and impurities contained in the recirculated oxidant and reductant.