Abstract: Provided are non-naturally occurring 5?-untranslated region and 3?-untranslated region nucleotides, and use thereof.

Abstract: Provided is an isolated polynucleotide including a nucleotide sequence coding for a non-natural 5-untranslated region (5?-UTR) and a nucleotide sequence coding for a non-natural or natural 3-untranslated region (3?-UTR). As such, the polynucleotide increases mRNA stabilization and translation efficiency and thus can be used for effectively acquiring a desired polypeptide.

Abstract: A software-defined network (SDN) controller and its method for authenticating switches through encryption of the switches' identifiers. The authenticating method may include obtaining a data path identifier (DPID)-based authentication code, authenticating a received and encrypted session key by using the DPID-based authentication code, determining the presence of another switch having an identical DPID as that of the authenticated switch, and adding a modifier to the DPID and storing the modified DPID if indeed there is another switch with an identical DPID present.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus that may generate a ping packet, transmit the generated ping packet to at least one tunnel end point (TEP), receive a response ping packet from each of the at least one TEP in response to the ping packet, and update information on a state of at least one segment connected to each of the at least one TEP based on the received response ping packet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for link discovery among domains, the method including receiving a link discovery packet from a second switch in a second domain, generating a response packet with respect to the link discovery packet, and transmitting the response packet to the second switch, wherein the link discovery packet is generated by a transmission controller to control the first domain in order to detect a link between the second switch and the first switch in a first domain.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for processing a packet for routing and verifying a path in a domain. The apparatus for processing the packet includes an authentication processing unit configured to authenticate a transmission path of a packet in a corresponding node inside a domain; and a transmission processing unit configured to verify whether or not authentication has been performed such that a reception packet passes through the corresponding node and whether or not the packet has passed through an immediately previous node that is passed through along the transmission path and transmit the packet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing an address resolution protocol (ARP) packet that searches, with respect to an ARP packet received from an end system, for a media access control (MAC) address of another end system indicated by the received ARP packet, transmits a proxy response packet to the end system that transmits an ARP packet using the found MAC address, and thus reduces an overload of a Layer 3 (L3) network through the proxy response packet being transmitted to the end system that transmits the ARP packet is provided.

Abstract: Provided is an operating method of a database server in a Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) system including a network administrator, the database server, a switch and at least one end system. The database server may maintain a table including information about a network profile and information about a service profile, receive, from the switch, a request for information on a virtual station interface (VSI) type corresponding to a request message for setting up and canceling a VXLAN service that the switch receives from the at least one end system, retrieve a network property corresponding to the VSI type from the table in response to the request, and provide the retrieved network property to the switch.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus that may generate a ping packet, transmit the generated ping packet to at least one tunnel end point (TEP), receive a response ping packet from each of the at least one TEP in response to the ping packet, and update information on a state of at least one segment connected to each of the at least one TEP based on the received response ping packet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently managing and updating an Internet protocol (IP) table and a media access control (MAC) table of a tunnel end point (TEP) and an address resolution protocol (ARP) table of a server in which an ARP packet and a response ARP packet are transceived amongst TEPs connected via a network through a multicast absent an additional unicast tunnel and an overload of a Layer 3 (L3) network is significantly reduced is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for swapping headers for authenticating policy based domains and tracing paths at the time of high-reliable data plane transmission. The method includes receiving packets forwarded through predetermined paths, confirming whether the received packets are normal packets, determining whether the path identification information corresponding to the paths of the received packets is present in a header information storage unit of a domain receiving the packets, swapping the headers included in the packets to swapping headers of the header information storage unit by using the identification information if it is determined that the path identification information is present, and correcting the path tracing information. By this configuration, degradation in data plane performance due to the lengths of headers can be solved.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for processing a packet for routing and verifying a path in a domain. The apparatus for processing the packet includes an authentication processing unit configured to authenticate a transmission path of a packet in a corresponding node inside a domain; and a transmission processing unit configured to verify whether or not authentication has been performed such that a reception packet passes through the corresponding node and whether or not the packet has passed through an immediately previous node that is passed through along the transmission path and transmit the packet.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for collecting vehicle diagnostic information. The apparatus for collecting vehicle diagnostic information includes a conversion unit and an optical multiplexing unit. The conversion unit receives a plurality of frames complying with respective different protocols from a plurality of networks for vehicles, which collects vehicle diagnostic information, in electric signal form, and converts the plurality of frames into a plurality of optical signals having respective different wavelengths based on the wavelengths previously assigned to the respective protocols. The optical multiplexing unit generates a wavelength division multiplexed signal by performing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) on the plurality of optical signals, and transmits the wavelength division multiplexed signal via an optical cable.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for swapping headers for authenticating policy based domains and tracing paths at the time of high-reliable data plane transmission. The method includes receiving packets forwarded through predetermined paths, confirming whether the received packets are normal packets, determining whether the path identification information corresponding to the paths of the received packets is present in a header information storage unit of a domain receiving the packets, swapping the headers included in the packets to swapping headers of the header information storage unit by using the identification information if it is determined that the path identification information is present, and correcting the path tracing information. By this configuration, degradation in data plane performance due to the lengths of headers can be solved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for collecting vehicle diagnostic information. The apparatus for collecting vehicle diagnostic information includes a conversion unit and an optical multiplexing unit. The conversion unit receives a plurality of frames complying with respective different protocols from a plurality of networks for vehicles, which collects vehicle diagnostic information, in electric signal form, and converts the plurality of frames into a plurality of optical signals having respective different wavelengths based on the wavelengths previously assigned to the respective protocols. The optical multiplexing unit generates a wavelength division multiplexed signal by performing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) on the plurality of optical signals, and transmits the wavelength division multiplexed signal via an optical cable.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for ensuring a cleaning robot to return to a charge station. The method includes the steps of: (a) measuring a battery usable time, a running speed, and an actual return distance of a cleaning robot during a cleaning operation; (b) calculating an allowable return distance on the basis of the battery usable time and the running speed; (c) comparing the actual return distance with the allowable return distance; and (d) returning the cleaning robot to the charge station when the actual return distance is larger than the allowable return distance as a result of the comparison. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the cleaning robot from being not returned to the charge station, thereby providing convenience to a user.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-layer restoration method using a LCAS (Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme) in a synchronous network having a mesh structure. The method includes: performing a hardware restoration method if a network failure is detected; performing a pre-planned restoration method if the network failure is not repaired by performing the hardware restoration method; determining whether channels that pass along a line where the network failure occurs use the LCAS if the network failure is not repaired by performing the pre-planned restoration method; and applying the LCAS to the channels if the channels are determined to use the LCAS, and performing a dynamic restoration method if the channels are not determined to use the LCAS. The multiplayer restoration method minimizes data loss due to an increase in restoration time and overcomes service disconnection caused by failure to obtain a spare channel.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of integrating switching and transferring of synchronous optical network/synchronous digital hierarchy (SONET/SDH), plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), and Ethernet signals, which integrate and provide connection of synchronous digital (SONET/SDH) signals, plesiochronous digital (PDH) signals, and Ethernet signals, mutually change the synchronous digital (SONET/SDH) signals, the plesiochronous digital (PDH) signals, and the Ethernet signals, packet switching, synchronous timeslot switching, and channel configuration management and control functions in one system. Thus, packet switching capacity, timeslot switching capacity, and packet/timeslot bridging capacity can be enlarged and configured according to corresponding application. Also, a distinctive service compared to a service provided by a separate Ethernet device or a SONET/SDH network device can be provided through a packet/timeslot bridge.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for ensuring a cleaning robot to return to a charge station. The method includes the steps of: (a) measuring a battery usable time, a running speed, and an actual return distance of a cleaning robot during a cleaning operation; (b) calculating an allowable return distance on the basis of the battery usable time and the running speed; (c) comparing the actual return distance with the allowable return distance; and (d) returning the cleaning robot to the charge station when the actual return distance is larger than the allowable return distance as a result of the comparison. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the cleaning robot from being not returned to the charge station, thereby providing convenience to a user.