Abstract: A receiver that receives a multi-level signal includes a pre-amplifier circuit, a slicer circuit and a decoder circuit. The pre-amplifier circuit generates a plurality of intermediate data signals based on an input data signal and a plurality of reference voltages. The slicer circuit generates a plurality of decision signals based on the plurality of intermediate data signals and a clock signal. The decoder circuit generates output data based on the plurality of decision signals. The pre-amplifier circuit includes a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit generates one of the plurality of intermediate data signals based on the input data signal and one of the plurality of reference voltages, and has a first structure. The second circuit generates another one of the plurality of intermediate data signals based on the input data signal and another one of the plurality of reference voltages, and has a second structure different from the first structure.

Abstract: An advertisement mediating system includes: a communicator configured to receive, from a first device, information about content into which an advertisement is to be inserted and information about an inventory included in the content, and transmitting, to one or more second devices, the information about the content and the information about the inventory; a memory storing one or more instructions; and a processor configured to execute the one or more instructions stored in the memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute the one or more instruction to perform, when a request for inserting the advertisement into the inventory is received from the one or more second devices, a control operation of selecting advertisement content from among a plurality of pieces of advertisement content corresponding to the one or more second devices, receiving the selected advertisement content, and transmitting the advertisement content to a third device that executes the content.

Abstract: A transparent display device is disclosed, which may improve light transmittance in a transmissive area and increase or maximize a light emission area in a non-transmissive area. The transparent display device includes a substrate provided with a display area including a transmissive area and a non-transmissive area, in which a plurality of subpixels are disposed, and a non-display area surrounding the display area, at least one insulating film provided over the substrate, anode electrodes provided in each of the plurality of subpixels over the at least one insulating film, a bank provided among the anode electrodes, a light emitting layer provided over the anode electrodes, and a cathode electrode provided over the light emitting layer. The at least one insulating film and the bank are provided in only the non-transmissive area.

Abstract: A transparent display device is disclosed, which may improve light transmittance in a transmissive area and increase or maximize a light emission area in a non-transmissive area. The transparent display device includes a substrate provided with a display area including a transmissive area and a non-transmissive area, in which a plurality of subpixels are disposed, and a non-display area surrounding the display area, at least one insulating film provided over the substrate, anode electrodes provided in each of the plurality of subpixels over the at least one insulating film, a bank provided among the anode electrodes, a light emitting layer provided over the anode electrodes, and a cathode electrode provided over the light emitting layer. The at least one insulating film and the bank are provided in only the non-transmissive area.

Abstract: A transparent display device is disclosed, which may enlarge a transmissive area and increase or maximize a light emission area in a non-transmissive area. The transparent display device includes a substrate provided with a display area including a transmissive area and a non-transmissive area, in which a plurality of subpixels are disposed, and a non-display area adjacent to the display area, at least one inorganic insulating film on the substrate, at least one organic insulating film on the at least one inorganic insulating film, anode electrodes provided in each of the plurality of subpixels over the at least one organic insulating film, a bank provided among the anode electrodes, a light emitting layer on the anode electrodes, and a cathode electrode on the light emitting layer, wherein the at least one inorganic insulating film, the at least one organic insulating film and the bank are provided in only the non-transmissive area.

Abstract: An electronic device for executing various operating systems is provided. The electronic device includes first and second hardware devices, a first operating system (OS), a second OS different from the first OS, and a processor configured to control the first hardware device to process first data from a first program executed on the first OS, obtain a command for executing the second OS, generate a container for executing the second OS based on a kernel of the first OS in response to the command for executing the second OS, execute the second OS on the generated container, execute a second program on the second OS, obtain second data regarding the second program from the second OS via socket communication by a control application installed on the first OS, and control the second hardware device to process the second data regarding the second program based on the first OS using the installed control application.

Abstract: An electronic device for executing various operating systems is provided. The electronic device includes first and second hardware devices, a first operating system (OS), a second OS different from the first OS, and a processor configured to control the first hardware device to process first data from a first program executed on the first OS, obtain a command for executing the second OS, generate a container for executing the second OS based on a kernel of the first OS in response to the command for executing the second OS, execute the second OS on the generated container, execute a second program on the second OS, obtain second data regarding the second program from the second OS via socket communication by a control application installed on the first OS, and control the second hardware device to process the second data regarding the second program based on the first OS using the installed control application.

Abstract: An electronic device for executing various operating systems is provided. The electronic device includes first and second hardware devices, a first operating system (OS), a second OS different from the first OS, and a processor configured to control the first hardware device to process first data from a first program executed on the first OS, obtain a command for executing the second OS, generate a container for executing the second OS based on a kernel of the first OS in response to the command for executing the second OS, execute the second OS on the generated container, execute a second program on the second OS, obtain second data regarding the second program from the second OS via socket communication by a control application installed on the first OS, and control the second hardware device to process the second data regarding the second program based on the first OS using the installed control application.

Abstract: An electronic device for executing various operating systems is provided. The electronic device includes first and second hardware devices, a first operating system (OS), a second OS different from the first OS, and a processor configured to control the first hardware device to process first data from a first program executed on the first OS, obtain a command for executing the second OS, generate a container for executing the second OS based on a kernel of the first OS in response to the command for executing the second OS, execute the second OS on the generated container, execute a second program on the second OS, obtain second data regarding the second program from the second OS via socket communication by a control application installed on the first OS, and control the second hardware device to process the second data regarding the second program based on the first OS using the installed control application.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for calculating efficient 3-dimensional (3D) traveltime by using coarse-grid mesh for a shallow depth source. More particularly, the present invention relates to an efficient 3D traveltime calculation method for a shallow depth source by combining a suppressed wave equation estimation of traveltime (SWEET) algorithm and an equivalent source distribution (ESD) algorithm, wherein the SWEET algorithm is a traveltime calculation algorithm using an damped wave equation and the ESD algorithm is for equivalently distributed sources; and to an apparatus and method for calculating efficient 3D traveltime by using coarse-grid mesh for a shallow depth source which may need less calculation time compared with that of a conventional SWEET algorithm.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for calculating efficient 3-dimensional (3D) traveltime by using coarse-grid mesh for a shallow depth source. More particularly, the present invention relates to an efficient 3D traveltime calculation method for a shallow depth source by combining a suppressed wave equation estimation of traveltime (SWEET) algorithm and an equivalent source distribution (ESD) algorithm, wherein the SWEET algorithm is a traveltime calculation algorithm using an damped wave equation and the ESD algorithm is for equivalently distributed sources; and to an apparatus and method for calculating efficient 3D traveltime by using coarse-grid mesh for a shallow depth source which may need less calculation time compared with that of a conventional SWEET algorithm.

Abstract: A seismic imaging technology for imaging a subsurface structure is provided. The seismic imaging technology is applied to modeling parameters of a wave equation redefined in a new coordinate system resulting from converting space axes into a logarithmic scale. The redefined wave equation is applied to wave inversion or reverse-time migration.

Abstract: The description relates to a seismic imaging technology technique for modeling a subsurface structure through waveform inversion in the Laplace domain. The seismic imaging system comprises a scaled gradient calculating unit calculating a scaled gradient, a modeling parameter updating unit updating the model parameters using the scaled gradient direction, and an iteration control unit controlling the scaled gradient calculating unit and the modeling parameter updating unit to repeat processing iteratively until a stopping criteria is met.

Abstract: There is provided a seismic imaging technology for imaging a subsurface structure by processing measured data reflected from the subsurface structure after a wave from a source wave has been propagated to the subsurface structure. According to an aspect, there is provided a seismic imaging method for obtaining imaging data of a subsurface structure through waveform inversion using a macro-velocity model as an initial value, wherein the macro-velocity model which is used as the initial value for the waveform inversion is calculated by: calculating a velocity difference function which is a difference between a real velocity and an initial velocity model, wherein the velocity difference function is a ratio of measured seismic scattered energy and modeled scattered energy based on the initial velocity model; and calculating the macro-velocity model by updating the initial velocity model with the velocity difference function.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for imaging a subsurface using frequency-domain reverse-time migration in elastic medium. The subsurface imaging method represents a frequency-domain imaging condition as convolution of measured data and a partial derivative wavefield. That is, the subsurface imaging method applies a back-propagation algorithm to represent an imaging condition as convolution of a virtual source and a back-propagated wavefield. Then, the subsurface imaging method divides a virtual source vector and the back-propagated wavefield represented by a displacement vector into P- and S-wave potentials through Helmholtz decomposition, thereby providing a new imaging condition.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus of imaging a subsurface of a target area. The apparatus includes: an observed wavefield acquiring unit configured to acquire an observed wavefield for a target area based on seismic data; a parameter storage configured to store a characteristic parameter for the target area; a modeled wavefield creator configured to create a modeled wavefield corresponding to the observed wavefield using the characteristic parameter stored in the parameter storage; an energy calculator configured to calculate accumulated energies of the observed wavefield and the modeled wavefield, wherein the accumulated energies are defined as energies accumulated over time with respect to the observed wavefield and the modeled wavefield; and a parameter updating unit configured to update the characteristic parameter stored in the parameter storage such that a difference between the accumulated energy of the observed wavefield and the accumulated energy of the modeled wavefield is minimized.

Abstract: The description relates to a seismic imaging technology technique for modeling a subsurface structure through waveform inversion in the Laplace domain. The seismic imaging system comprises a scaled gradient calculating unit calculating a scaled gradient, a modeling parameter updating unit updating the model parameters using the scaled gradient direction, and an iteration control unit controlling the scaled gradient calculating unit and the modeling parameter updating unit to repeat processing iteratively until a stopping criteria is met.

Abstract: Provided is seismic imaging, particularly, a seismic imaging system. The seismic imaging system includes a measured data processing unit converting measured data from receiver to cosine transformed data in logarithmic scale axes, a subsurface structure estimating unit calculating subsurface modeling parameters with measured data transformed in the measured data processing unit based on a cosine transformed acoustic waveform equation defined along logarithmic axes, and an image output unit converting modeling parameters calculated in the subsurface structure estimating unit and outputting the converted image data.

Abstract: Provided is seismic imaging system, particularly, reverse-time migration for generating a real subsurface image from modeling parameters calculated by waveform inversion, etc. A seismic imaging system includes: a logarithmic back-propagation unit configured to back-propagate a ration of a logarithmic measured wavefield to modeling wavefield; a virtual source estimating unit configured to estimate virtual sources from a sources; and a first convolution unit configured to convolve the back-propagated measured data with the virtual sources and to output the results of the convolution.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for imaging the subsurface structure of a target area by using waveform inversion. In the apparatus and method, the subsurface structure of a target area is estimated using waveform inversion of a seismic signal in the frequency domain, the Laplace domain, or the Laplace-Fourier domain, and an objective function is defined by applying a weighting function such that the objective function makes a different contribution for each frequency, each Laplace damping constant, or each Laplace-Fourier damping constant. The objective function is not limited to a particular type of objective function and a weighting function can be automatically determined when a gradient vector for each frequency, each Laplace damping constant, or each Laplace-Fourier damping constant is normalized.