Abstract: A fuel cell electrode catalyst including an active complex including a cerium (Ce)-nitrogen (N) bond and having an oxygen reduction activity. Also, a method of preparing a fuel cell electrode catalyst, the method including providing a pre-catalyst including a pre-active complex having a cerium-oxygen bond; and thermally treating the pre-catalyst in the presence of a nitrogen-containing material at a temperature of from about 700° C. to about 2000° C. to prepare the electrode catalyst, the electrode catalyst including an active complex comprising a cerium-nitrogen bond. Also a fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly, the membrane-electrode assembly including: a cathode; an anode disposed opposite to the cathode; and an electrolyte membrane disposed between the cathode and the anode, at least one of the anode and the cathode including the fuel cell electrode catalyst.

Abstract: A composite including: a carbonaceous material; and a solid solution including a first metal and a cerium oxide, wherein the solid solution is disposed on the carbonaceous material.

Abstract: A polymer including a reaction product of a sulfonated polyarylene ether sulfone and at least one compound selected from a sulfonated compound having a thiol group at a terminal thereof and a sulfonated compound having a hydroxy group at a terminal thereof.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell, a membrane electrode assembly including the electrode catalyst, and a fuel cell including the electrode catalyst. The electrode catalyst has excellent electrochemical activity compared to the currently commercially available Pt/C catalyst and is much cheaper than a catalyst using platinum. The electrode catalyst includes tungsten carbide having a specific surface area of about 10 to about 30 m2/g, and a metal catalyst comprising palladium (Pd) or palladium alloy.

Abstract: A catalyst for a fuel cell including a material including an iridium ruthenium transition metal oxide, a method of preparing the same, and a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes: an inorganic ionic conductor including a trivalent metal element, a pentavalent metal element, phosphorous, and oxygen; and a polymer.

Abstract: A polymer comprising a first repeating unit represented by Formula 1: wherein R1 to R13 and Ar1 in Formula 1 are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A composite support including: an ordered mesoporous carbon including mesopores having an average diameter of about 2 nanometers to about 8 nanometers; and silicon carbide dispersed in the ordered mesoporous carbon.

Abstract: A hierarchical mesoporous carbon is provided in which a total volume of mesopores of the hierarchical mesoporous carbon is 80% or greater of a total volume of pores of the hierarchical mesoporous carbon; a volume of mesopores with a average diameter greater than 20 nm and no greater than 50 nm is 3% or greater of the total volume of the pores; and a volume of mesopores with a average diameter greater than 2 nm and no greater than 10 nm is 65% or greater of the total volume of the pores. The hierarchical mesoporous carbon, which also contains macropores, has an optimized mesoporous distribution characteristic, and has an increased total volume of pores, thereby having a significantly improved catalytic activity when used as a catalyst support. When such a supported catalyst is used in a fuel cell, supply of fuel and transporting of byproducts are facilitated.

Abstract: A polymer comprising a first repeating unit represented by Formula 1: wherein R1 to R13 and Ar1 in Formula 1 are defined in the specification.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell, the electrode catalyst including a catalyst particle including palladium, gallium, and cerium.

Abstract: A catalyst including active particles that have a core including a first metal oxide, and a shell including an alloy of a second metal with a reduction product of the first metal oxide; a method of preparing the catalyst; a fuel cell including the catalyst; an electrode for lithium air battery that includes the active particles; and a lithium air battery including the electrode.

Abstract: A polymer comprising a first repeating unit represented by Formula 1: wherein R1 to R13 and Ar1 in Formula 1 are defined in the specification.

Abstract: An anode active material including a porous transition metal oxide; an anode including the anode active material; a lithium battery including the anode; and a method of preparing the anode active material.

Abstract: A composite including a metal having oxygen-reducing activity, nitrogen and carbon, the composite comprising polyhedral particles, an electrode catalyst including the composite, a method of preparing the composite, and a fuel cell using the composite.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for fuel cell, a method of preparing the electrode catalyst, a membrane electrode assembly including the electrode catalyst, and a fuel cell including the membrane electrode assembly. The electrode catalyst includes a crystalline catalyst particle incorporating a precious metal having oxygen reduction activity and a Group 13 element, where the Group 13 element is present in a unit lattice of the crystalline catalyst particle.

Abstract: A polymer including a reaction product of a sulfonated polyarylene ether sulfone and at least one compound selected from a sulfonated compound having a thiol group at a terminal thereof and a sulfonated compound having a hydroxy group at a terminal thereof.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell includes a complex support including at least one metal oxide and carbon-based material; and a palladium (Pd)-based catalyst supported by the complex support. A method of manufacturing the electrode catalyst includes dissolving a precursor of a palladium (Pd)-based catalyst in a solvent and preparing a mixture solution for a catalyst; adding a complex support including at least one metal oxide and a carbon-based material to the mixture solution for a catalyst and stirring the mixture solution to which the complex support is added; drying the mixture solution for a catalyst, to which the complex support is added, in order to disperse the precursor of the Pd-based catalyst on the complex support; and reducing the precursor of the Pd-based catalyst dispersed on the complex support. A fuel cell includes the electrode catalyst.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell including a porous catalyst layer, and a method of manufacturing the same in which an electrode includes a catalyst layer formed adjacent to a surface of an electrolyte membrane, and the catalyst layer has a uniform porosity as pluralities of pores are uniformly distributed on the catalyst layer.

Abstract: A composition including a cross-linkable compound and at least one selected from compounds represented by Formula 1, a composite obtained from the composition, an electrode including the composition or the composite, a composite membrane including the composite, and a fuel cell including the composite membrane, wherein, in Formula 1, a and R are as defined in the specification.