Abstract: An electric machine including: a first part, being a stator or rotor/runner, including a first segment with a first number of mutually spaced poles; a second part, being a rotor/runner or stator, including a second segment with a second number of mutually spaced poles arranged to transduce between electrical and mechanical energy by magnetic interaction with the poles of the first segment, the second segment having substantially the same length as the first segment; and permanent magnets in the poles of the first or second parts, the second number differing from the first number by one, with sufficiently deep gaps between the poles of each part to attenuate magnetic interactions between a body of each part and the poles of the other part, wherein each part is symmetrical in a direction transverse a direction of motion between the first part and the second part and transverse a depth of the parts.

Abstract: An electric machine including: a first part, being a stator or rotor/runner, including a first segment with a first number of mutually spaced poles; a second part, being a rotor/runner or stator, including a second segment with a second number of mutually spaced poles arranged to transduce between electrical and mechanical energy by magnetic interaction with the poles of the first segment, the second segment having substantially the same length as the first segment; and permanent magnets in the poles of the first or second parts, wherein the second number differs from the first number by one to substantially reduce the magnetic interference forces in the direction of motion, wherein gap depths in gaps between the poles of each part are sufficiently deep to substantially attenuate magnetic interactions between a body of each part and the poles of the other part, thereby reducing magnetic interference forces between the first part and the second part, and wherein each part is symmetrical in a direction transver

Abstract: A Multi-Level Logic Circuit is described, with the hardware of the circuit capable of being constructed to operate in a chosen base. The circuit includes at least: (a) One input level detector which can receive one or more multi-level inputs, (b) Control switching means, and (c) An output level generator delivering a single multi-level output.Various logic gates operating in any base can be derived from the generalized circuit of this invention. Basic multi-level logic gates include an (n-1) complementer, where an output of (n-1-a) is generated from a discrete input "a" where n is the base for which the circuit is constructed. A complementary maximum gate is also described in which the circuit provides the (n-1) complement of the highest logic level detected on input lines to the input level detector. Various other multi-level logic circuits can be constructed by combining the multi-level complementer, and multi-level complementary maximum gates.