Abstract: A chemical conversion coating is provided. The chemical conversion coating is disposed on a surface of a magnesium alloy substrate. The chemical conversion coating includes a first protecting layer. The first protecting layer contains manganese, magnesium and oxygen, and a manganese content of the first protecting layer is between 10 at. % to 20 at. %.

Abstract: Provided is a steel sheet including an iron-based material, a first coating layer disposed on the iron-based material, and a second coating layer disposed on the first coating layer, wherein the first coating layer includes a zinc alloy and the second coating layer consists essentially of chromium and carbon.

Abstract: Provided is a steel sheet including an. iron-based material, a first coating layer disposed on the iron-based material, and a second coating layer disposed on the first coating layer, wherein the first coating layer includes a zinc alloy and the second coating layer consists essentially of chromium and carbon.

Abstract: A chemical conversion coating is provided. The chemical conversion coating is disposed on a surface of a magnesium alloy substrate. The chemical conversion coating includes a first protecting layer. The first protecting layer contains manganese, magnesium and oxygen, and a manganese content of the first protecting layer is between 10 at. % to 20 at. %.

Abstract: A transistor device includes a semiconductor substrate, a gate structure, and first and second metal layers. The semiconductor substrate includes a substrate body having a plurality of drain and source regions alternately arranged in a checkerboard pattern and spaced apart from each other. The first metal layer is disposed on the substrate body and includes a plurality of first pattern elements and a first patterned region. The second metal layer is disposed on top of the first metal layer and has a plurality of second pattern elements and a second patterned region.

Abstract: A power-on reset circuit includes a power confirmation module and a reset signal generator. The power confirmation module receives a supply voltage and generates a reference voltage and a comparison voltage. A magnitude of the reference voltage rises a first time delay after receipt of the supply voltage, and a magnitude of the comparison voltage rises a second time delay after receipt of the supply voltage. The second time delay is greater than the first time delay. The power confirmation module further outputs a confirmation signal based on the reference voltage and the comparison voltage. The reset signal generator outputs a reset signal according to the confirmation signal.