Abstract: Methods for etching metal, such as for processing a metal gate, are provided. A method includes forming a hard mask over the metal, wherein the hard mask includes a sidewall defining an opening; and performing a plasma etching process including cycles of depositing a carbon nitride film on the sidewall and etching the metal.

Abstract: An optical member driving mechanism is provided. The optical member driving mechanism includes a first movable portion, a fixed portion, a first driving assembly, and a plurality of second guiding members. The first movable portion is configured to connect an optical member. The optical member is used for adjusting a direction of a light from an incident direction to an outgoing direction. The first movable portion can move relative to the fixed portion. The first driving assembly is configured to drive the first movable portion to move relative to the fixed portion. The second guiding members include a first ball, a second ball, and a third ball. The first ball, the second ball, and the third ball are disposed in a plane that is perpendicular to the incident direction.

Abstract: A memory device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The memory device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) and a spin Hall electrode (SHE). The MTJ includes a free layer, a reference layer and a barrier layer lying between the free layer and the reference layer. The SHE is in contact with the MTJ, and configured to convert a charge current to a spin current for programming the MTJ. The SHE is formed of an alloy comprising at least one heavy metal element and at least one light transition metal element. The heavy metal element is selected from metal elements with one or more valence electrons filling in 5d orbitals, and the light transition metal element is selected from transition metal elements with one or more valence electrons partially filling in 3d orbitals.

Abstract: A memory device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The memory device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) and a spin Hall electrode (SHE). The MTJ includes a free layer, a reference layer and a barrier layer lying between the free layer and the reference layer. The SHE is in contact with the MTJ, and configured to convert a charge current to a spin current for programming the MTJ. The SHE is formed of an alloy comprising at least one heavy metal element and at least one light transition metal element. The heavy metal element is selected from metal elements with one or more valence electrons filling in 5 d orbitals, and the light transition metal element is selected from transition metal elements with one or more valence electrons partially filling in 3 d orbitals.

Abstract: Devices and methods of manufacture and use of a fiber bundle is presented. In embodiments the fiber bundle comprises a substrate material and optical fiber openings that extend from a first side of the substrate material to a second side of the substrate material, wherein the optical fiber openings at the first side of the substrate material are shifted either horizontally or vertically from the second side of the substrate material.

Abstract: An optical element driving mechanism has an optical axis, and includes a fixed portion, a movable element, a plurality of blades, and a driving assembly. The fixed portion has an opening. The movable element is movable relative to the fixed portion. The blades are connected to the movable element. The driving assembly drives the movable element to move relative to the fixed portion. The driving assembly drives the movable element to change an overlap area of the blade and the opening.

Abstract: A method includes connecting a photonic package to a substrate, wherein the photonic package includes a waveguide and an edge coupler that is optically coupled to the waveguide; connecting a semiconductor device to the substrate adjacent the photonic package; depositing a first protection material on a first sidewall of the photonic package that is adjacent the edge coupler; encapsulating the photonic package and the semiconductor device with an encapsulant; performing a first sawing process through the encapsulant and the substrate, wherein the first sawing process exposes the first protection material; and removing the first protection material to expose the first sidewall of the photonic package.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for correcting bias introduced by weighted training in machine learning, the method comprises the following steps: S1. label the number of examples of each class in the weighted data used by the machine learning classifier: sum up the total number of training examples Ni from class in the training set, where i can be any of the class labels; S2. calculate the mean weight of examples in each class: in class i of the training data, sum up the weights wij of each example j, then divide by Ni, and label the mean weight wi of this class i; S3. the features of the examples in the weighted data and their corresponding labels are used for classification and regression with a machine learning algorithm; S4. when the classifier calculates probabilities Pw(i) of class i, and correct them by applying the deweighting formula in the deweighter to get accurate probabilities P(i); S5. use the corrected probabilities P(i) to make a classification decision.

Abstract: A light emitting diode driving system includes an infrared ray burning device and a light emitting diode driving device. The light emitting diode driving device includes an infrared ray receiving unit, a signal transforming unit, a storage unit, a pulse width modulating unit and a diode driving unit. The infrared ray receiving unit receives a burning signal transmitted by the infrared ray burning device; the signal transforming unit transforms the burning signal into a current control command and transmits it to the storage unit. The signal transforming unit generates a current control signal in accordance with the current control command in the storage unit. The pulse width modulating unit generates a pulse width modulation output current control signal according to the current control signal. The diode driving unit drives the light emitting diode by the pulse width modulation output current control signal.

Abstract: The current adjustment apparatus includes a communication interface, a current generating module, and a current adjustment module. The current generating module includes a microprocessor, a memory for storing a current setting parameter, and a current generating unit; the memory and the current generating unit are electrically connected to the microprocessor. When the current adjustment module is not physically connected to the current generating module, the microprocessor makes the current generating unit generate a driving current in response to the current setting parameter; when the current adjustment module is physically connected to the current generating module via the communication interface, the microprocessor makes the current generating unit generate the driving current in accordance with a setting signal from the current adjustment module, and the microprocessor further overwrites the current setting parameter in accordance with the setting signal when receives a writing signal.

Abstract: A pulse width modulation control unit multiplies a value of a user side setting signal by a value of a dimming signal to obtain a pulse width modulation output current control signal. The pulse width modulation control unit sends the pulse width modulation output current control signal to a light emitting diode driving unit. The light emitting diode driving unit multiplies a value of the pulse width modulation output current control signal by a value of a maximum output current of the light emitting diode driving unit to obtain a light emitting diode pulse width modulation driving current. The light emitting diode driving unit drives a light emitting diode by the light emitting diode pulse width modulation driving current.

Abstract: A pulse width modulation control unit multiplies a value of a user side setting signal by a value of a dimming signal to obtain a pulse width modulation output current control signal. The pulse width modulation control unit sends the pulse width modulation output current control signal to a light emitting diode driving unit. The light emitting diode driving unit multiplies a value of the pulse width modulation output current control signal by a value of a maximum output current of the light emitting diode driving unit to obtain a light emitting diode pulse width modulation driving current. The light emitting diode driving unit drives a light emitting diode by the light emitting diode pulse width modulation driving current.

Abstract: A compensating device is used for providing current compensation of an IC when operating in the high-voltage. The current compensating device includes a detecting unit, a rectifier, a filtering unit and a switching unit. The detecting unit electrically connected to an AC voltage. The rectifier is electrically connected to the detecting unit. The filtering unit is electrically connected to the rectifier. The switching unit is electrically connected to the filtering unit. The switching unit is conducted and provides a current to the IC when the AC voltage is above a predetermined voltage.

Abstract: A compensating device is used for providing current compensation of an IC when operating in the high-voltage. The current compensating device includes a detecting unit, a rectifier, a filtering unit and a switching unit. The detecting unit electrically connected to an AC voltage. The rectifier is electrically connected to the detecting unit. The filtering unit is electrically connected to the rectifier. The switching unit is electrically connected to the filtering unit. The switching unit is conducted and provides a current to the IC when the AC voltage is above a predetermined voltage.

Abstract: The configurations of an end of lamp life protection circuit for a ballast and a method thereof are provided in the present invention. The proposed circuit includes a voltage-dividing circuit receiving an input voltage and outputting a first and a second divided voltages and a switch apparatus raising the first divided voltage when the second divided voltage is less than a first pre-determined threshold value and turning off the ballast when the first divided voltage is higher than a second pre-determined threshold value.

Abstract: The configurations of an end of lamp life protection circuit for a ballast and a method thereof are provided in the present invention. The proposed circuit includes a voltage-dividing circuit receiving an input voltage and outputting a first and a second divided voltages and a switch apparatus raising the first divided voltage when the second divided voltage is less than a first pre-determined threshold value and turning off the ballast when the first divided voltage is higher than a second pre-determined threshold value.