Abstract: An inverted ball joint is adapted to mount between a first vehicle suspension member and a second vehicle suspension member. The inverted ball joint may include a ball stud having a shank portion extending from a ball portion, with the ball portion including a first surface that has a generally convex semi-spherical shape adjacent to the shank portion and an opposed second surface facing away from the shank portion that has a generally concave semi-spherical shape. A first bearing includes a first surface that has a generally convex semi-spherical shape that matches the curvature of and is in sliding engagement with the second surface of the ball portion, and an opposed second surface that has a generally concave shape. A second bearing includes a first surface having a generally concave semi-spherical shape matching the curvature of and in sliding engagement with the first surface of the ball portion, and an opposed second surface.

Abstract: A torsion-bar-free, unitary, twist beam axle having stress transition character capable of handling both vehicle suspension bending loads and torsion loads without a separate torsion bar, comprising a one-piece, integral twist beam elongated in the direction of its axis, and having a pair of legs elongated in the direction of the axis and extending transverse to the axle axis to outer distal ends, the legs each having an elongated portion looped back upon itself into elongated, peripherally closed loops at said outer distal ends to form a pair of closed loops spaced from and generally parallel to each other, the axle having a central portion, and a pair of mounting ends for attachment to vehicle trailing arms, and a pair of stress transition members extending respectively from the mounting ends toward the central portion and located substantially between the closed loops, these members having a pair of spaced walls connected by a bight and with sufficient resistance to flexing movement toward each other to li