Patents by Inventor Charles Alexander Roberts
Charles Alexander Roberts has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Publication number: 20230323076Abstract: A composite material includes a polymer matrix and a quantity of electrically conductive microparticles dispersed within the polymer matrix in an amount and distribution structured so that the composite material exhibits an increase in thermal emissivity of at least about 8% with increasing temperature of the composite material, for temperatures over a range of 23° C.-60° C. inclusive. The composite material may be used as (or as part of) a passive variable radiator for cooling an object in thermal communication with the composite material.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 8, 2022Publication date: October 12, 2023Inventors: Songtao Wu, Debasish Banerjee, Charles Alexander Roberts, Taizo Masuda, Yuki Kudo
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Patent number: 11559792Abstract: An oxygen storage material (OSM) includes a zinc manganese iron oxide (ZMF) and an alkali metal base on the ZMF surface. The ZMF has a spinel structure. The alkali metal containing ZMF can be formed to have a weight percent of alkali metal up to about two percent. The alkali metal carbonate is retained on the ZMF surface upon heating to a temperature greater than 1,000° C. and stabilizes the ZMF to the cycling of an oxygen rich and oxygen lean atmosphere. The OSM additionally catalyzes the oxidation of hydrocarbons and CO and catalyzes the reduction of NOx for use in catalytic converters.Type: GrantFiled: March 19, 2021Date of Patent: January 24, 2023Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.Inventors: Torin C. Peck, Benjamin A. Grayson, Blake A. Graham, Charles Alexander Roberts, Krishna Gunugunuri
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Patent number: 11471873Abstract: Methods of making an iron based catalyst using microwave hydrothermal synthesis are provided. The methods include dissolving iron(III) nitrate, Fe(NO3)3, in an organic solvent to form a solution. Once dissolved, the methods include a step of neutralizing the solution with an alkaline mineralizing agent to obtain a precipitate. The solution with the precipitate is then subjected to microwave radiation to cause a temperature gradient and a hydrothermal crystallization process to form a synthesized product. The synthesized product is subsequently separated from the mineralizing agent. The method includes washing and drying the synthesized product to obtain particles of sodium iron oxide (NaFeO2) catalyst that can be used as a composition for a passive NOx adsorber. A two-stage NOx abatement device for removal of NOx from an exhaust gas stream during a cold start operation of an internal combustion engine is also provided.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 2019Date of Patent: October 18, 2022Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.Inventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts, Torin C. Peck
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Publication number: 20220297097Abstract: An oxygen storage material (OSM) includes a zinc manganese iron oxide (ZMF) and an alkali metal base on the ZMF surface. The ZMF has a spinel structure. The alkali metal containing ZMF can be formed to have a weight percent of alkali metal up to about two percent. The alkali metal carbonate is retained on the ZMF surface upon heating to a temperature greater than 1,000° C. and stabilizes the ZMF to the cycling of an oxygen rich and oxygen lean atmosphere. The OSM additionally catalyzes the oxidation of hydrocarbons and CO and catalyzes the reduction of NOx for use in catalytic converters.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 19, 2021Publication date: September 22, 2022Inventors: Torin C. Peck, Benjamin A. Grayson, Blake A. Graham, Charles Alexander Roberts, Krishna Gunugunuri
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Patent number: 11278871Abstract: An improved catalyst system is provided for the direct decomposition removal of NOx from an exhaust gas stream at temperatures between about 350° C. and about 600° C. that employs an (amorphous CuOx)/Co3O4 catalyst. The catalyst has an amorphous CuOx deposit on the surfaces of particles of Co3O4 spinel oxide. The catalyst is configured to reduce NOx to N2 without the presence of a reductant. The (amorphous CuOx)/Co3O4 catalyst is formed by the precipitation of the deposit from solution onto a suspension of Co3O4 spinel oxide particles. The catalyst system can be employed in a catalytic converter for the direct decomposition removal of NOx from an exhaust gas stream flowing at a temperature of less than or equal to about 500° C.Type: GrantFiled: March 13, 2020Date of Patent: March 22, 2022Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.Inventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts, Torin C. Peck
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Patent number: 11208928Abstract: NOx abatement compositions include cobalt oxide (Co3O4) doped with cerium, and have an overall formula Co3-xCe-O4, with cerium occupying tetrahedral and/or octahedral sites in the spinel structure. The NOx abatement compositions possess NOx storage and NOx direct decomposition activity. Dual stage NOx abatement devices include an upstream portion having the NOx abatement composition to adsorb and store NOx at low temperature, and then release the NOx at higher temperature to a downstream catalytic conversion portion.Type: GrantFiled: April 12, 2019Date of Patent: December 28, 2021Assignees: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc., Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts, Torin C. Peck, Naoto Nagata
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Patent number: 11154816Abstract: Passive NOx adsorption (PNA) compositions have a formula Pd—NiFe2O4 wherein Pd represents a palladium component, such as palladium oxide, that is adsorbed on surfaces of the nickel ferrite. Such compositions can be synthesized by wet impregnation of nickel ferrite with a palladium salt, and exhibit efficient NOx adsorption at low temperature, with NOx desorption occurring predominantly at high temperature. Two-stage NOx abatement catalysts, effective under engine cold start conditions, include a PNA composition upstream from an NOx conversion catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: May 30, 2019Date of Patent: October 26, 2021Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.Inventors: Torin C. Peck, Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts
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Publication number: 20210283584Abstract: An improved catalyst system is provided for the direct decomposition removal of NOx from an exhaust gas stream at temperatures between about 350° C. and about 600° C. that employs an (amorphous CuOx)/Co3O4 catalyst. The catalyst has an amorphous CuOx deposit on the surfaces of particles of Co3O4 spinel oxide. The catalyst is configured to reduce NOx to N2 without the presence of a reductant. The (amorphous CuOx)/Co3O4 catalyst is formed by the precipitation of the deposit from solution onto a suspension of Co3O4 spinel oxide particles. The catalyst system can be employed in a catalytic converter for the direct decomposition removal of NOx from an exhaust gas stream flowing at a temperature of less than or equal to about 500° C.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 13, 2020Publication date: September 16, 2021Inventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts, Torin C. Peck
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Publication number: 20210023546Abstract: Methods of making an iron based catalyst using microwave hydrothermal synthesis are provided. The methods include dissolving iron(III) nitrate, Fe(NO3)3, in an organic solvent to form a solution. Once dissolved, the methods include a step of neutralizing the solution with an alkaline mineralizing agent to obtain a precipitate. The solution with the precipitate is then subjected to microwave radiation to cause a temperature gradient and a hydrothermal crystallization process to form a synthesized product. The synthesized product is subsequently separated from the mineralizing agent. The method includes washing and drying the synthesized product to obtain particles of sodium iron oxide (NaFeO2) catalyst that can be used as a composition for a passive NOx adsorber. A two-stage NOx abatement device for removal of NOx from an exhaust gas stream during a cold start operation of an internal combustion engine is also provided.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 24, 2019Publication date: January 28, 2021Inventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts, Torin C. Peck
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Publication number: 20200376433Abstract: Passive NOx adsorption (PNA) compositions have a formula Pd—NiFe2O4 wherein Pd represents a palladium component, such as palladium oxide, that is adsorbed on surfaces of the nickel ferrite. Such compositions can be synthesized by wet impregnation of nickel ferrite with a palladium salt, and exhibit efficient NOx adsorption at low temperature, with NOx desorption occurring predominantly at high temperature. Two-stage NOx abatement catalysts, effective under engine cold start conditions, include a PNA composition upstream from an NOx conversion catalyst.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 30, 2019Publication date: December 3, 2020Inventors: Torin C. Peck, Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts
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Publication number: 20200325810Abstract: NOx abatement compositions include cobalt oxide (Co3O4) doped with cerium, and having an overall formula Co3-xCexO4, with cerium occupying tetrahedral and/or octahedral sites in the spinel structure. The NOx abatement compositions possess NOx storage and NOx direct decomposition activity. Dual stage NOx abatement devices include an upstream portion having the NOx abatement composition to adsorb and store NOx at low temperature, and then release the NOx at higher temperature to a downstream catalytic conversion portion.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 12, 2019Publication date: October 15, 2020Inventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts, Torin C. Peck, Naoto Nagata
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Patent number: 10596519Abstract: NOx abatement compositions have a formula MxCu1-xFe2O4, wherein M is a substitution metal cation that can be any of cobalt, nickel, and zinc; and x is greater than zero and less than one. Such compositions can serve as direct decomposition catalysts and/or passive adsorption/storage components. Methods for synthesizing the compositions include alkaline precipitation of solutions containing nitrate salts of copper, iron, and at least one of cobalt, nickel, and zinc.Type: GrantFiled: May 8, 2019Date of Patent: March 24, 2020Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.Inventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts, Torin C. Peck
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Patent number: 10434471Abstract: Active catalysts for the treatment of a low temperature exhaust gas stream are provided containing copper oxides dispersed on a spinel oxide for the direct, lean removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas stream. The low temperature, direct decomposition is accomplished without the need of a reductant molecule. In one example, CuOx may be dispersed as a monolayer on a metal oxide support, such as Co3O4 spinel oxide, synthesized using an incipient wetness impregnation technique. The CuOx/Co3O4 catalyst system converts nitric oxide to nitrogen gas with high product specificity, avoiding the production of a significant concentration of the undesirable N2O product.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 2017Date of Patent: October 8, 2019Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.Inventors: Torin C. Peck, Michael Jones, Krishna R. Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts
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Patent number: 10239047Abstract: A catalyst for direct decomposition of NO and NO2 to N2 and O2 has a CoFe2O4 spinel doped with potassium cations. The catalyst has high activity and good selectivity for N2 production, when potassium cations are loaded at a density of about 0.9 weight percent. Methods for making the catalyst include wet impregnation of a CoFe2O4 spinel with a solution of potassium cations, such as a KOH solution.Type: GrantFiled: September 12, 2017Date of Patent: March 26, 2019Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.Inventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts
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Publication number: 20190076827Abstract: A catalyst for direct decomposition of NO and NO2 to N2 and O2 has a CoFe2O4 spinel doped with potassium cations. The catalyst has high activity and good selectivity for N2 production, when potassium cations are loaded at a density of about 0.9 weight percent. Methods for making the catalyst include wet impregnation of a CoFe2O4 spinel with a solution of potassium cations, such as a KOH solution.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 12, 2017Publication date: March 14, 2019Inventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts
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Patent number: 10143965Abstract: Active catalysts for the treatment of a low temperature exhaust gas stream are provided containing palladium oxides dispersed on a spinel oxide for the direct, lean removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas stream. The low temperature (from about 400° C. to about 650° C.), direct decomposition is accomplished without the need of a reductant molecule. In one example, PdO may be dispersed on a surface of a metal oxide support, such as Co3O4 spinel oxide, synthesized using wet impregnation techniques. The PdO/Co3O4 catalyst system converts nitric oxide to nitrogen gas with high product specificity, avoiding the production of a significant concentration of the undesirable N2O product.Type: GrantFiled: May 9, 2017Date of Patent: December 4, 2018Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.Inventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts, Torin C. Peck
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Patent number: 10143966Abstract: Active catalysts for the treatment of a low temperature exhaust gas stream are provided containing potassium (K) dispersed on a spinel oxide for the direct, lean removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas stream. The low temperature (from about 400° C. to about 650° C.), direct decomposition is accomplished without the need of a reductant molecule. In one example, K may be dispersed on a surface of a metal oxide support, such as NiFe2O4 spinel oxide, synthesized using wet impregnation techniques. The K/NiFe2O4 catalyst system converts nitric oxide to nitrogen gas with high product specificity, up to 100%, avoiding the production of a significant concentration of the undesirable N2O product.Type: GrantFiled: May 25, 2017Date of Patent: December 4, 2018Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.Inventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts, Torin C. Peck
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Publication number: 20180339268Abstract: Active catalysts for the treatment of a low temperature exhaust gas stream are provided containing potassium (K) dispersed on a spinel oxide for the direct, lean removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas stream. The low temperature (from about 400° C. to about 650° C.), direct decomposition is accomplished without the need of a reductant molecule. In one example, K may be dispersed on a surface of a metal oxide support, such as NiFe2O4 spinel oxide, synthesized using wet impregnation techniques. The K/NiFe2O4 catalyst system converts nitric oxide to nitrogen gas with high product specificity, up to 100%, avoiding the production of a significant concentration of the undesirable N2O product.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 25, 2017Publication date: November 29, 2018Inventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts, Torin C. Peck
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Publication number: 20180326355Abstract: Active catalysts for the treatment of a low temperature exhaust gas stream are provided containing palladium oxides dispersed on a spinel oxide for the direct, lean removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas stream. The low temperature (from about 400° C. to about 650° C.), direct decomposition is accomplished without the need of a reductant molecule. In one example, PdO may be dispersed on a surface of a metal oxide support, such as Co3O4 spinel oxide, synthesized using wet impregnation techniques. The PdO/Co3O4 catalyst system converts nitric oxide to nitrogen gas with high product specificity, avoiding the production of a significant concentration of the undesirable N2O product.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 9, 2017Publication date: November 15, 2018Inventors: Krishna Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts, Torin C. Peck
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Publication number: 20180296978Abstract: Active catalysts for the treatment of a low temperature exhaust gas stream are provided containing copper oxides dispersed on a spinel oxide for the direct, lean removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas stream. The low temperature, direct decomposition is accomplished without the need of a reductant molecule. In one example, CuOx may be dispersed as a monolayer on a metal oxide support, such as Co3O4 spinel oxide, synthesized using an incipient wetness impregnation technique. The CuOx/Co3O4 catalyst system converts nitric oxide to nitrogen gas with high product specificity, avoiding the production of a significant concentration of the undesirable N2O product.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 17, 2017Publication date: October 18, 2018Inventors: Torin C. Peck, Michael Jones, Krishna R. Gunugunuri, Charles Alexander Roberts