Abstract: A container is provided, having a casing having center panels and end panels on either end of the center panels. A bottom cap portion is provided perpendicular to the casing wherein the bottom cap portion has a center panel and end panels extending from either end of the center panel. The bottom cap portion has a length which is substantially the same as a length of the casing. A top cap portion is provided on top of and perpendicular to the casing. The top cap portion has a center panel and end panels extending from either end of the center panel The end panels of the bottom cap portion contact the end panels of the casing, and the end panels of the top cap portion contact the end panels of the bottom cap portion.

Abstract: A method for forming a container having container side walls and a lid. The container side walls have end edges. The lid has a central panel, side panels attached to the central panel by score lines, and an annular crushed area conterminous with the score lines in the central panel. The liners and the corrugated material are crushed together in the crushed area. In the method the container walls are opened, the lid blank and the container walls are moved relative to each other until the end edges of the container side walls are aligned with the crushed area, the container side walls and the lid are moved relatively toward each other until the container side walls are seated in the crushed area, the lid side panels are folded onto the container side walls and fastened to the container side walls. In one embodiment the lid is of fiberboard material and the side walls of the container are aligned with the score lines of the lid.

Abstract: A container has side walls of substantially equal height and top and bottom lids. Each lid has a central panel and side panels attached to the central panel by score lines. The lids have an annular crushed area in the central panel which is conterminous with the score lines. The container side walls fit into the annular crushed area. The bottom lid side panels are fastened to the container side walls.

Abstract: A blank for a container lid having at least one layer of corrugated material to which liner material is attached on both sides of the corrugated material. The blank has a central panel. There are side panels attached to each side of the central panel by score lines. Each of the side panels is substantially the same length as the central panel side to which it is attached. The central panel has an annular area conterminous with the score lines attaching the side panels. The annular area is crushed, the liners and corrugated material being crushed together.

Abstract: A microwave heater and/or dryer has a nonlinear or curvilinear relative slot profile geometry. In one embodiment, the microwave dryer has at least one adjustable field modifier making it possible to change the geometry of the heater or dryer when drying different webs. In another embodiment, the microwave dryer provides more uniform drying of a web when the field modifier is adjusted in response to a sensed condition of the web. Finally, a method of microwave heating and/or drying a web achieves a uniform heating and/or drying profile.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method to reduce motion-induced noise in the detection of ultrasonic signals in a moving sheet or body of material. An ultrasonic signal is generated in a sheet of material and a detection laser beam is moved along the surface of the material. By moving the detection laser in the same direction as the direction of movement of the sheet of material the amount of noise induced in the detection of the ultrasonic signal is reduced. The scanner is moved at approximately the same speed as the moving material. The system and method may be used for many applications, such in a paper making process or steel making process. The detection laser may be directed by a scanner. The movement of the scanner is synchronized with the anticipated arrival of the ultrasonic signal under the scanner.

Abstract: An RF EAS tag includes a substrate with a conductive element positioned on a face surface thereof and having electrically inductive properties. A capacitive element is positioned on the face surface and has electrically capacitive properties wherein the inductive and capacitive elements are operably coupled together to form a resonant circuit which resonates when an electrical signal of a predetermined resonant frequency is applied to the tag. The capacitive element comprises a dielectric ink substance having a high dielectric constant for producing the desired resonant circuit on a single face surface of the substrate. An alternative tag comprises a substrate with a conductive layer positioned thereon and a gap formed in the conductive layer exposing a portion of the substrate. This forms a slotline waveguide shorted at both ends. A high dielectric constant ink substance is then deposited in the slot.

Abstract: A food package including a package body forming a food receiving cavity for storing and heating a food item in a microwave oven. Specifically, the package body includes a bottom panel and a top panel with side panels joining the bottom and top panel. An impedance matching element is provided on at least one of the panels for impedance matching microwave energy entering the package. The impedance matching element is preferably a contiguous film of thinly flaked material embedded in a dielectric binder which is sized and shaped with respect to the food to cause impedance matching to elevate the temperature of the food in predetermined areas dependent upon the size and spacing of the film without interacting with the microwave energy to produce heat. The film may also be shaped in the form of a convex lens to direct impedance matched microwave energy toward the food to elevate the temperature of the food in a predetermined area.

Abstract: A self-limiting dispersion of a conductive material in a binder is disclosed wherein the conductive material consists essentially of a carbon material having a structure selected to undergo percolation when dispersed in the binder at a concentration of from about 10 weight percent to about 45 weight percent. The binder comprises a thermoplastic material selected to go through a first order phase transition or a second order transition at a temperature from about 300.degree. F. to about 480.degree. F. and the dispersion is formulated near the conductance percolation threshold so that its electrical conductivity drops precipitously (e.g., at least about 1.5 orders of magnitude) above the binder transition temperature. The dispersion of the conductive material in the binder is especially suitable for use as a self-limiting microwave heater material which is either a molding composition, or surface coating composition, and especially a composition that can be applied to a substrate by printing.

Abstract: A microwave responsive heating device useful in microwave packaging for capturing microwave energy in a microwave oven and transmitting the energy to a surface of a food item in a concentrated form to grill, crisp, or brown the surface thereof. The heating device includes an antenna for collecting the microwave energy and a transmission device for transferring the collected energy from the antenna to a surface of a food item. Preferably, the heating device forms an integral portion of the interior of a food package to allow a food item to be stored and cooked therein. The antenna and the transmission device are made from electrically conductive materials and are shaped to, not only, capture and transmit microwave energy efficiently, but also to enhance the intensity of the microwave energy in a concentrated form.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring fiber orientation anisotropy in a web of fibrous material includes a microwave generator, a waveguide through which a microwave signal is propagated axially and in which an electric field is established in one direction perpendicular to the waveguide axis, the waveguide having a gripping means which provides a gripping means for specimen insertion, a detector for measuring intensity of the microwave signal propagated through the waveguide and a metering means for numerically evaluating the intensity of the propagated signal. The intensity of the propagated signal is measured (1) with the waveguide empty, (2) with the specimen inserted in the waveguide in a plane normal to the axis and with its machine direction aligned with the electric field and (3) with the specimen inserted in the waveguide in the normal plane and with its cross direction aligned with the direction of the electric field.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer for coupling ultrasonic energy to a web-like porous sample includes a sample-contacting layer of soft neoprene, 5-15 durometer hardness, which conforms to the surface of the sample being tested when pressed thereagainst. A non-polarized backing layer of polyvinylidene fluoride eliminates reflections at the end of the transducer remote from the sample. A polystyrene impedance-matching layer is located between the sample-contacting and the backing layer to provide a low-loss, low-impedance coupling of ultrasonic energy to the sample-contactiong layer. A stack of two, and preferably four, metallized polyvinylidene fluoride films is located between the impedance-matching layer and the backing layer. The outer surfaces of the stack are grounded, while the inner surfaces are energized by the ultrasonic energy source. The outer layers are polarized in a first direction, opposite that of the polarization direction of the middle layer.

Abstract: A horizontally oriented curve is produced on a raster type cathode ray tube display by storing curve data words in a memory and placing a series of dots on the cathode ray tube screen with each dot being at a height dictated by the value of the respective data word and at a horizontal position dependent on the order in which the respective data word is received. A dot counter provides an output signal for writing the curve data words into the address locations of the memory in the order in which the curve data words are received. A horizontal raster position counter provides a read address signal to the memory for each possible dot position in a horizontal scan. A comparator circuit compares each curve data word read out of the memory with a signal representative of the vertical position of the current horizontal scan and produces a video enable signal to produce a dot on the cathode ray tube screen when the compared signals are equal.

Abstract: In order to accurately detect and commmunicate the position of a data location in a raster type luminescent display utilizing light-sensitive detection means, the permitted response time for the light detection means is extended by allowing detection of only a portion of the data locations during each scan of raster display means. Maintenance of a predetermined relationship between the number of raster scans in a detection cycle and the particular data locations for which detection is possible on each scan permits exact definition of a target data location. Detection is aided by the superimpositon of a luminescent cursor associated with each data location for which detection is permitted as the raster display is scanned.