Abstract: Methods for controlling catalysis of a chemical reaction generally includes electrostatically controlling position of a first linear single-molecule polymer inside at least one nanopore fluidly coupled to a reaction chamber comprising a reaction medium and at least one reactant, wherein the first linear single-molecule polymer is coupled to a first catalyst at one end and includes one or more charged sub-units; and creating an electrostatic potential well inside the nanopore, wherein the electrostatic potential well controls a position of the first linear single-molecule polymer inside the at least one nanopore. Also disclosed are apparatuses for controlling catalysis of the chemical reaction.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product for configuring a network abstraction for simulation. Relationships between network models in the network abstraction are described in a network specification. A simulation infrastructure is adapted to configure the relationships between network models specified in the network specification. The simulation infrastructure is designed to acquire the network specification during run-time, access configuration, relationship parameterization, and execution APIs of model instances during run-time. Network models are designed to acquire access to modeling-specific APIs of other model instances during run-time in order to establish relationships specified in the network specification.