Abstract: A method is disclosed for converting biomass into a fuel additive, the method comprising: liquefying the biomass to form a liquor; neutralizing the liquor; precipitating lignin out of the liquor; extracting furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from the liquor; and hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) the extracted furfurals over a Cu—Ni/TiO2 catalyst. The catalyst for hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to methylated furans comprises copper-nickel (Cu—Ni) particles supported on titanium dioxide (TiO2), and wherein the copper-nickel particles form core-shell structures in which copper (Cu) is enriched at a surface of the catalyst.

Abstract: Described herein are microbial stimulating compounds that act as a surfactant to increase fermentation. Also described are methods for enhancing fermentation utilizing these compounds as well as methods for the producing the compounds from lignocellulosic biomass and biomass components during high temperature reactions with alcohols. The stimulating compounds can be produced from a variety of polysaccharides or sugars.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling small grids of appliances are described. One sample method includes receiving consumption data from a plurality of electrical appliances that are plugged into outlets at a first location and monitoring power usage at the first location. The method includes evaluating the received consumption data to identify one or more predetermined conditions in one or more of the plurality of electrical appliances and evaluating stored data related to power consumption preferences at the first location. The power consumption preferences define conditions when a consumer associated with the first location has agreed to enable remote control of at least one designated appliance upon an occurrence of one or more predetermined conditions. The method includes determining that the one or more conditions are satisfied and to provide a first secure communication to the first appliance to control the power consumption.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for converting biomass into a fuel additive, the method comprising: liquefying the biomass to form a liquor; neutralizing the liquor; precipitating lignin out of the liquor; extracting furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from the liquor; and hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) the extracted furfurals over a Cu—Ni/TiO2 catalyst. The catalyst for hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to methylated furans comprises copper-nickel (Cu—Ni) particles supported on titanium dioxide (TiO2), and wherein the copper-nickel particles form core-shell structures in which copper (Cu) is enriched at a surface of the catalyst.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein describe a solar panel protection and control system. The system can bypass the solar panel under hazardous conditions or under command. The system can also help a solar panel array to reach its maximum power point in operation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling small grids of appliances are described. One sample method includes receiving consumption data from a plurality of electrical appliances that are plugged into outlets at a first location and monitoring power usage at the first location. The method includes evaluating the received consumption data to identify one or more predetermined conditions in one or more of the plurality of electrical appliances and evaluating stored data related to power consumption preferences at the first location. The power consumption preferences define conditions when a consumer associated with the first location has agreed to enable remote control of at least one designated appliance upon an occurrence of one or more predetermined conditions. The method includes determining that the one or more conditions are satisfied and to provide a first secure communication to the first appliance to control the power consumption.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling small grids of appliances are described. One sample method includes receiving consumption data from a plurality of electrical appliances that are plugged into outlets at a first location and monitoring power usage at the first location. The method includes evaluating the received consumption data to identify one or more predetermined conditions in one or more of the plurality of electrical appliances and evaluating stored data related to power consumption preferences at the first location. The power consumption preferences define conditions when a consumer associated with the first location has agreed to enable remote control of at least one designated appliance upon an occurrence of one or more predetermined conditions. The method includes determining that the one or more conditions are satisfied and to provide a first secure communication to the first appliance to control the power consumption.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein describe a multi-dimensional code storage and transfer system. The system gets electrical power from the flash light of a typical smart device, and displays a time-varying multi-dimensional code which can be captured and decoded by the smart device. The system can be made by printed electronics technology.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling a switch in a power converter in which peak current is regulated to achieve a specified average current through a load. Control logic is operable to monitor a voltage across a sensing resistor such that when the voltage across the sensing resistor reaches or exceeds a threshold value, the control logic generates a signal that causes a switch to be turned OFF.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling a switch in a power converter in which peak current is regulated to achieve a specified average current through a load. Control logic is operable to monitor a voltage across a sensing resistor such that when the voltage across the sensing resistor reaches or exceeds a threshold value, the control logic generates a signal that causes a switch to be turned OFF.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus is provided that includes a ring, a detector, a processor, and a transmitter. The ring is configured to be worn on a finger. The detector, disposed within the ring, is operable to detect a motion associated with the finger. The processor, communicatively coupled to the detector, is operable to determine, based at least upon the motion, that a command should be sent to a mobile device. The transmitter, communicatively coupled to the processor, is operable to communicate the command to the mobile device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus is provided that includes a ring, a receiver, a processor, and an indicator. The ring may be configured to be worn on a limb. The receiver may be disposed within the ring and may be operable to receive a signal communicated by a mobile device. The processor may be communicatively coupled to the receiver and operable to determine, based at least in part upon the received signal, that the mobile device received a message. The indicator may be communicatively coupled to the processor and operable to generate an alert in response to the determination that the mobile device received the message.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling a switch in a power converter in which peak current is regulated to achieve a specified average current through a load. The circuit can include a first input to receive a voltage corresponding to a pre-specified target average current through the load, and a second input to receive a voltage corresponding to a voltage across a sensing resistor immediately after the switch turns ON. The circuit generates a threshold value that is approximately equal to twice the voltage corresponding to the pre-specified target average current through the load, minus the voltage corresponding to a non-zero voltage across the sensing resistor just after the switch turns ON. Control logic is operable to monitor a voltage across the sensing resistor such that when the voltage across the sensing resistor reaches or exceeds the threshold value, the control logic generates a signal that causes the switch to be turned OFF.

Abstract: A color correcting device driver is configured to vary the equivalent current into light emitting elements (e.g., LEDs) with the frequency of the AC input current (e.g., 120 Hz). In implementations that include a fly-back controller with a power factor correction (PFC) controller on the primary side, the color correcting device driver performs the method of: 1) turning on the loads (e.g., white and CA strings of LEDs); 2) determining if the voltage supplied to the loads has dropped by a first threshold amount; 3) turning off the loads; and 4) determining if the voltage supplied to loads has recovered by a second threshold amount (or waiting for a fixed amount of time). The method is repeated. In implementations that do not include a PFC controller on the primary side, the color correcting device driver can create a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling small grids of appliances are described. One sample method includes receiving consumption data from a plurality of electrical appliances that are plugged into outlets at a first location and monitoring power usage at the first location. The method includes evaluating the received consumption data to identify one or more predetermined conditions in one or more of the plurality of electrical appliances and evaluating stored data related to power consumption preferences at the first location. The power consumption preferences define conditions when a consumer associated with the first location has agreed to enable remote control of at least one designated appliance upon an occurrence of one or more predetermined conditions. The method includes determining that the one or more conditions are satisfied and to provide a first secure communication to the first appliance to control the power consumption.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus is provided that includes a ring, a receiver, a processor, and an indicator. The ring may be configured to be worn on a limb. The receiver may be disposed within the ring and may be operable to receive a signal communicated by a mobile device. The processor may be communicatively coupled to the receiver and operable to determine, based at least in part upon the received signal, that the mobile device received a message. The indicator may be communicatively coupled to the processor and operable to generate an alert in response to the determination that the mobile device received the message.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus is provided that includes a ring, a detector, a processor, and a transmitter. The ring is configured to be worn on a finger. The detector, disposed within the ring, is operable to detect a motion associated with the finger. The processor, communicatively coupled to the detector, is operable to determine, based at least upon the motion, that a command should be sent to a mobile device. The transmitter, communicatively coupled to the processor, is operable to communicate the command to the mobile device.

Abstract: A power conversion circuit of two feedback loops is disclosed that includes a feedback control circuit for ramping up or down a commanded voltage to a load (e.g., LEDs). The second feedback loop feeds into the first feedback loop, and the second feedback loop operates at a slower bandwidth than the first feedback loop. When ramping up or down the commanded voltage, a voltage overshoot results because of delay in the system. The overshoot can be compensated for by a final adjustment to the commanded voltage.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling a switch in a power converter in which peak current is regulated to achieve a specified average current through a load. The circuit can include a first input to receive a voltage corresponding to a pre-specified target average current through the load, and a second input to receive a voltage corresponding to a voltage across a sensing resistor immediately after the switch turns ON. The circuit generates a threshold value that is approximately equal to twice the voltage corresponding to the pre-specified target average current through the load, minus the voltage corresponding to a non-zero voltage across the sensing resistor just after the switch turns ON. Control logic is operable to monitor a voltage across the sensing resistor such that when the voltage across the sensing resistor reaches or exceeds the threshold value, the control logic generates a signal that causes the switch to be turned OFF.