Abstract: A process for self-cleaning an electrolytic cell involves introducing a stream of seawater into the electrolytic cell having at least one cathode and one anode. The cathode and anode are substantially fully coated with a coating composition. A forward bias is applied between the anode and the cathode at a first current density as seawater flows between the electrodes. Subsequently, a reverse bias is provided at the cathode. The reverse bias is provided at a second current density that is lower than the first current density. When the reverse bias is applied, the polarity of the cathode is reversed for a short duration. This facilitates the generation of a small amount of hydrochloric acid at the previous cathode surface causing the dissolution of calcium, magnesium or other deposits on the surface of the electrodes without damaging the coating composition on the electrodes.

Abstract: Each image in a first set of images includes respective exposures of an image capture device to a beam of radiation, each of a plurality of components of a radiation delivery system being at respective specified orientations with respect to a three-dimensional coordinate system during each of the exposures. Respective beam images are reconstructed from each of the exposures by drawing a line at a predetermined angle to the first image and through a center of a radiation beam shown on each first image. The reconstructed beam images are combined on a second image.

Abstract: Frequency translation and spread spectrum applications of same are described herein. Such applications include, but are not limited to, unified down-conversion and de-spreading, unified up-conversion and spreading, RAKE receivers utilizing unified down-conversion and de-spreading, and Early/Late receivers utilizing unified down-conversion and de-spreading, and combinations and applications of same. Additionally, applications are included for limiting spectral growth during unified up-conversion and spreading of a baseband signal.