Abstract: A remote staged furnace burner configuration includes placement of secondary fuel gas nozzles remote from burners. This configuration brings about an increased mixing of secondary fuel with furnace fuel gases. As a result, the temperature of the burning fuel gas is lowered and NOX formation is reduced.

Abstract: A remote staged radiant wall furnace burner configuration includes placement of secondary fuel gas nozzles remote from radiant wall burners. This configuration brings about an increased mixing of secondary fuel with furnace flue gases. As a result, the temperature of the burning fuel gas is lowered and NOX formation is reduced.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reducing NOX production in an air-oxygen-fuel combustion process by creating post mix oxy-fuel flame and introducing air around said oxy-fuel flame at an angle of greater than 0.degree. to 90.degree. to the longitudinal axis of the oxy-fuel flame.

Abstract: A tuyere for refining molten metals or melting metal scrap or oxides charged into a vessel. The tuyere comprises three concentric pipes of copper or stainless steel encased in refractory. An annular stream of natural gas surrounds an annular stream of oxygen which in turn surrounds a core stream of natural gas. All three streams are expanded as they flow through the tuyere and as a result an accretion forms at the tip of the tuyere. The accretion protects the tuyere and the gas streams are controlled so that the accretion is maintained at a desired size which neither blocks the tuyere, nor permits burnback of the pipes.

Abstract: A tuyere for refining molten metals or melting metal scrap or oxides charged into a vessel. The tuyere comprises three concentric pipes of copper or stainless steel encased in refractory. An annular stream of natural gas surrounds an annular stream of oxygen which in turn surrounds a core stream of natural gas. All three streams are expanded as they flow through the tuyere and as a result an accretion forms at the tip of the tuyere. The accretion protects the tuyere and the gas streams are controlled so that the accretion is maintained at a desired size which neither blocks the tuyere, nor permits burnback of the pipes.

Abstract: A method for reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) in air-fuel and oxygen-enriched air-fuel burners is disclosed wherein oxygen is introduced directly into the visible flame of the burner, whereby the beneficial effects of oxygen enrichment and the reduced formation of NO.sub.x can be realized simultaneously in the operation of such burners.

Abstract: Oxy-fuel combustion combined with air-fuel combustion to increase productivity of the combustion process and reduce nitrogen oxides in the products of combustion by maintaining fuel rich oxy-fuel combustion while combusting the air-fuel as close as possible at stoichiometric conditions.

Abstract: Increased cooling rate of an article heated to an elevated temperature is achieved by flowing an inert gas mixture of helium and another inert gas over the article under conditions of turbulent flow.

Abstract: A non-water cooled, nozzle-mixed oxy-fuel burner wherein high oxidant velocity and a venturi aspirate or recycle products of combustion through the burner block and mix them into the flowing oxidant stream to act as a diluent and provide mass to moderate flame temperature. The burner includes means in said oxidant stream to improve flame stability.