Abstract: A method and apparatus of identifying engine gas composition in an engine cylinder comprise obtaining a measure of cylinder pressure from a cylinder pressure sensor, deriving the polytropic index from said measure and obtaining a measure of the quantity of an engine gas component therefrom.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved sound absorbing cementitious composition and method of making involving a preformed foam solution made from a surfactant, such as an ammonium salt of a sulfated linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant, preblended with water at a dilution ratio in a range of water to surfactant of from about 40:1 to 10:1. Thereafter, the preformed foam solution is combined with components including cement(s), aggregate(s), water and optional additives. The composition provides for an open cellular surface capable of absorbing sound.

Abstract: A foamed cellular cementitious composition useful for sound absorbing, thermal insulation and fire proofing is described. The cementitious composition is produced utilizing a mineral cement, an aggregate, water, and a stabilized foaming composition which includes at least one water-soluble film forming agent, and at least one foaming agent. The stabilized foaming composition provides air to the cementitious composition in an amount substantially in excess of that used in conventional air entrainment of cements. The film forming agent is preferably a resin emulsion and the foaming agent is preferably a nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant or mixture thereof. The cementitious compositions have a density which is substantially lower than the density of a composition composed of mineral cement and aggregate per se.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant and fireproof coating for the protection of metal and sealing concrete, brick, mortar and other cementitious substrate by spraying or brushing a coating 4 to 30 mils thickness and allowing the coating to set until hard. Hydraulic cements are combined with selected inorganic minerals and a water reducer that are milled until they all pass through a 100 mesh or finer screen. The blended powder is combined with potable water that are mixed together just before application.

Abstract: This invention consists of an improved method for mixing, spraying and placing cementitious materials and a mechanical arrangement for conveying and combining these materials.

Abstract: A high temperature protective coating with improved corrosion resistance and method of application for fast setting magnesium oxide, fly ash and other finely divided mineral aggregates with ammonium phosphates in aqueous solution, wherein the composition of the phosphates is at least about 20% by weight polyphosphates, balance orthophosphate, and allowing the sprayed mixture to set at more than two mils thickness.

Abstract: Silica fume, the by-product from the manufacture of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys, is dispersed in water and the aqueous dispersion is stabilized to retain its fluidity and redispersibility by treatment with an acid or with a chelating agent.

Abstract: Shaped articles of hydraulic cementitious compositions with aggregates and other components, of mortar, grout, and concrete, are produced by admixing super water reducers and silica fume, the last component being the by-product from the manufacture of metallic silicon and ferrosilicon alloys.

Abstract: Shaped articles such as tiles and panels are produced from aqueous slurries of hydraulic cement, with or without aggregate, to which "super" water reducers have been admixed, by casting in a synthetic polymer mold with glossy, water-repellent surface, to yield castings with highly reflective, glassy surfaces. Color pigments may be added to the formulation to yield castings with reflective, glossy colored surfaces.

Abstract: Shaped articles of hydraulic cement compositions reinforced with fiber glass fabric or with chopped fiber glass, and having a smooth, reflective surface, are produced by the admixture of "super" water reducers to the aqueous cementitious slurries followed by casting or spraying into synthetic polymer molds, or molds coated with such synthetic polymers which are water repellent and non-sticking to hydraulic cements, to yield cured articles of high flexural strength with at least one surface which is an exact reproduction of the surface of the synthetic polymer mold, such as high gloss and patterned design. A great variety of useful articles may be produced, such as building panels, curtain walls, hollow utility poles and pipes, "raised" flooring panels, roofing tiles, protective barriers, and other products requiring thin shell, high flexural strength products for decorative and utilitarian uses.

Abstract: Protective and decorative coatings of about two mills and greater thickness are produced from hydraulic cement slurries formulated with finely divided mineral aggregates, a film-forming synthetic polymer latex, a "super" water reducer, and a rust inhibitor. These constituents are formulated into liquid and powder components which are mixed prior to spraying or brushing to produce the coating. The coatings are non-burning and are applicable for interior and exterior use. Very fast set of the cement are obtainable by admixing an accelerator to either the liquid or powder component and mixing the two components continuously by passing through a static in-line mixing device located in a feed line duct just before a spray nozzle.

Abstract: A cellular product useful for such purposes as fireproofing, thermal insulation, and acoustical soundproofing, may be produced from a mineral cement, such as portland cement, calcium aluminate cement, and gypsum cement, a water soluble organic film-former, an emulsion of a synthetic resin with a glass transition temperature of 10.degree.-25.degree. C, a mixture of anionic and nonionic surfactants, an aggregate, and air in an amount substantially in excess of that used in air entrainment of cements, admixed in the form of a stabilized foam, whereby the product has a density which is substantially lower than the density of the mineral cement and aggregate per se.

Abstract: Sound absorbing panels and sprayed wall structures are produced from inorganic cementitious compositions to which preformed foams are admixed to yield low density fireproof products having an interconnected cellular structure and a perforated surface skin for the conversion of a large proportion of incident sound into heat and thus reduce the reflected energy to a small volume.

Abstract: This invention consists of a method of continuous dustless mixing and aerating of cementitious compositions and a mechanical arrangement for conveying and combining materials.

Abstract: Shaped articles such as tiles and panels are produced from aqueous slurries of hydraulic cement, with or without aggregate, to which "super" water reducers have been admixed, by casting in a synthetic polymer mold with glossy, water-repellent surface, to yield castings with highly reflective, glassy surfaces. Color pigments may be added to the formulation to yield castings with reflective, glossy colored surfaces.

Abstract: A mixing and aerating device is disclosed involving an impeller having the shape of a circular symmetrical curved section mounted centrally on a shaft which is driven at a relatively high rate of speed in the mixing container. The curved section may be formed as a section of a hollow sphere, the frustum of a cone, a section of a hyperbola, or a cylinder. The preferred forms of mixing and aerating devices are positioned with their curved hollow concave surfaces faced downwardly into the mix, although nearly as effective results are obtained with their surfaces reversed, i.e., with the concave surface facing upwardly and their convex or non-concave surfaces facing downwardly. Improved results are obtained, particularly increased foaming action, by providing a plurality of openings near the peripheral edge of the impellers. Further, the concave section may comprise the whole or part only of the symmetrical circular impeller. Two or more impellers may be mounted on the driven shaft in axially spaced relation.

Abstract: Shaped articles such as tiles and panels are produced from calcium aluminate cement motars by casting in a mold with a glossy water-repellent synthetic polymer surface to yield castings with highly reflective glassy surfaces. The calcium aluminate layer need only be several mils thick with the rest of the mold volume being filled with other cementitious compositions. Color pigments may be added to the calcium aluminate slurry to yield castings with brilliant glassy colored surfaces.

Abstract: A cellular product useful for such purposes as fire resistance, thermal insulation, and acoustical sound proofing may be produced from a mineral cement, such as gypsum cement, portland cement, calcium aluminate cement, or magneisa cement, an organic film former such as guar gun, or an inorganic film former such as bentonite, a mixture of nonionic and anionic surfactants, a lightweight aggregate, such as perlite, vermiculite, or hollow silicate spheres, and air in amount substantially in excess of that used in air entrainment of cement, whereby the product has a density which is only a small fraction of the density of the mineral cement and aggregate composition per se.

Abstract: This invention consists of a mixing method for dustless dry cementitious compositions and apparatus for combining materials without loss or escape of dust.