Abstract: A tamper-evident closure (40) is provided for a container. In one particular embodiment, the closure (40) has a body (42) and a hinged lid (44), and has the following additional features as next described. A tamper-indicating tab (120) is connected to the lid (44) by a frangible junction (130). A pressing member (150) is connected to the closure body (42) for movement from an initial unactuated configuration and to an inwardly deformed, actuated configuration. A post (170) is provided on either the pressing member (150) or tab (120), and a slot (140) is defined in the other of the pressing member (150) and tab (120), wherein the slot (140) non-releasably receives the post (170) when the lid (44) is first closed. The closure body (42) also has an inwardly located retention wall (160) defining an aperture (164).

Abstract: A tamper-evident closure (40) is provided for a container. In one particular embodiment, the closure (40) has a body (42) and a hinged lid (44), and has the following additional features as next described. A tamper-indicating tab (120) is connected to the lid (44) by a frangible junction (130). A pressing member (150) is connected to the closure body (42) for movement from an initial unactuated configuration and to an inwardly deformed, actuated configuration. A post (170) is provided on either the pressing member (150) or tab (120), and a slot (140) is defined in the other of the pressing member (150) and tab (120), wherein the slot (140) non-releasably receives the post (170) when the lid (44) is first closed. The closure body (42) also has an inwardly located retention wall (160) defining an aperture (164).

Abstract: A closure that can be threadingly screwed onto an associated container includes a body having a thread form for engaging a thread form on the container. The body has a wall with projecting hook-like ribs. By the provision of the hook-like ribs, the closure exhibits an enhanced capability for being gripped by the rollers of an automatic capping machine, to accommodate a relatively high torque installation without slipping in an automatic capping machine.

Abstract: A closure is provided with a peripheral wall and a lid movable relative to the peripheral wall. Either the peripheral wall or the lid includes a deflectable latch pad having a latch aperture. The other of the peripheral wall and lid has a latch post for being pushed into the latch aperture only during the first closing of the lid while the deflectable latch pad is restrained against inward movement where by an initial releasable connection is created between the latch post and the deflectable latch pad to establish at least part of an initial opening resistance of the lid. After the lid is opened following the first closing of the lid, any subsequent closing of the lid fails to create a connection between the latch post and elastically deformable portion of the deflectable latch pad owing to unrestrained inward deflection of the deflectable latch pad by the latch post as the lid is moved to the closed position.

Abstract: A closure is provided for being threadingly screwed onto a container. The closure includes a body having a thread form for engaging a thread form on the container. The body has a wall with projecting hook-like ribs.

Abstract: Fuel temperature management is used to control the penetration distance of liquid-phase fuel into the combustion chamber of direct injection engines. Fuel temperature management enables the alteration of liquid-phase penetration distance to compensate for real-time changes in fuel composition, injector geometry, injection pressure, combustion mode, or combustion chamber thermodynamic conditions during engine operation. Alteration of the liquid-phase penetration distance prevents or reduces undesirable liquid fuel impingement on combustion chamber surfaces.

Abstract: A toggle-action dispensing closure for a container is provided for manipulation between a closed, non-dispensing orientation and an open, dispensing orientation. The closure includes an actuator pivotally mounted along a tilting axis on a body secured to the container. The actuator is tiltable by applying force to the actuator on one side of the tilting axis so as to move the actuator from a non-dispensing position to a dispensing position. The actuator includes a flange having an engagable surface. The closure body includes an annular wall in which the actuator is received, and the annular wall includes an inwardly projecting interference member which underlies the actuator engagable surface and prevents tilting of the actuator unless a sufficient predetermined, initial opening force is exerted on the actuator to cause permanent, plastic deformation of the engagable surface is and/or interference member.

Abstract: In a multi-mode, multi-cylinder engine operable in both homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode and spark ignition or diesel combustion mode, an apparatus and method is provided to individually, independently, and sequentially switch the combustion mode of each of the cylinders. The invention enables use of at least partial HCCI mode over a wider load and speed range of a multi-mode engine.

Abstract: A toggle-action dispensing closure for a container is provided for manipulation between a closed, non-dispensing orientation and an open, dispensing orientation. The closure includes an actuator pivotally mounted along a tilting axis on a body secured to the container. The actuator is tiltable by applying force to the actuator on one side of the tilting axis so as to move the actuator from a non-dispensing position to a dispensing position. The actuator includes a flange having an engagable surface. The closure body includes an annular wall in which the actuator is received, and the annular wall includes an inwardly projecting interference member which underlies the actuator engagable surface and prevents tilting of the actuator unless a sufficient predetermined, initial opening force is exerted on the actuator to cause permanent, plastic deformation of the engagable surface and/or interference member.

Abstract: The flame propagation rate resulting from a combustion event in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is controlled by modulation of the heat transfer from the combustion flame to the combustion chamber walls. In one embodiment, heat transfer from the combustion flame to the combustion chamber walls is mechanically modulated by a movable member that is inserted into, or withdrawn from, the combustion chamber thereby changing the shape of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber wall surface area. In another embodiment, heat transfer from the combustion flame to the combustion chamber walls is modulated by cooling the surface of a portion of the combustion chamber wall that is in close proximity to the area of the combustion chamber where flame speed control is desired.

Abstract: A method for controlling the temperature and/or space velocity of exhaust gas passing through an aftertreatment device disposed in the exhaust system of a diesel engine provides an optimal environment for efficient conversion of NOx and undesirable emissions during transient and steady state engine operation. The method includes controlling intake and/or exhaust valve timing, either singly or in combination with fuel injection timing and selective individual cylinder cutout, in response to sensed engine operating parameters.

Abstract: A hinge structure is provided for connecting two members, such as a container closure base and lid, so as to accommodate movement between an open position and a closed position. An elastomeric element extends from one of the members to the other of the members. The elastomeric element has an outer surface that is outwardly exposed when the two members are in the closed position as well as when the two members are in the open position. The elastomeric element exerts a force to urge the two members from the closed position toward the open position. In one embodiment, the elastomeric element has two lateral margins, and the hinge structure is free of structure laterally of the elastomeric element so that the two lateral margins are laterally exposed when the two members are in the closed position as well as when the two members are in the open position. The elastomeric element outer surface is in tension when the two members are in the closed position.

Abstract: A multizone combustion chamber and method of combustion in a compression-ignited reciprocating engine. The combustion chamber includes a cylinder, a cylinder head located at one end of the cylinder, a piston that reciprocates in the cylinder, an inlet that supplies a gas into the combustion chamber during an induction stroke of the piston, and an injector that supplies a fuel into the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber defines a primary chamber and at least a secondary chamber when the piston is located in a predetermined position near the cylinder head. Combustion is initiated in the primary chamber while preventing combustion from occurring in the secondary chamber. Combustion in the secondary chamber is delayed until after the piston and the cylinder head have been separated and thermodynamic communication between the fuel/gas mass in the primary chamber and the fuel/gas mass in the secondary chamber is possible.

Abstract: A closure structure is provided for a container that has an opening to the container interior. The closure structure includes a closure base for extending around the container opening. A lid is provided on the closure base and is connected to the base by a hinge web. The hinge web has a first end connected to the closure base, a second end connected to the lid, and two sides which each extends between the first and second ends.

Abstract: A closure structure is provided for a container that has an opening to the container interior. The closure structure includes a closure base for extending around the container opening. A lid is provided on the closure base and is connected to the base by a hinge web. The hinge web has a first end connected to the closure base, a second end connected to the lid, and two sides which each extends between the first and second ends.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon emissions from direct injected spark ignition engines are reduced as a result of post-flame oxidation by a catalytic material deposited on the top of a piston disposed in the engine.

Abstract: A removal torque-resistant closure and container assembly is provided with the container having a thread extending around the opening. The closure includes a thread for engaging the container thread. The container includes a projection that extends from the thread root between two adjacent thread crests on the container and that defines an outer edge for temporarily deforming the closure thread during relative rotational movement of the container and closure when the container and closure are screwed together. Upon termination of the screwing action, the container projection edge is engaged with a deformed region of the closure thread so as to resist closure removal by unscrewing.

Abstract: A selected message is displayed by an electromagnetic information display system having a matrix of display openings formed through a display board for receiving therein a plurality of solenoid coils. Magnetic display elements are disposed within each of the solenoid coils. The magnetic display elements have permanently magnetized poles located at opposite ends thereof and further have contrastingly colored surfaces associated with the magnetic poles. The solenoid coils are electrically interconnected for selectively inducing a magnetic field within any of the coils for aligning the display elements. A plurality of drivers are connected on an individual basis to one lead of all coils positioned within a column to output a ground or reference voltage as determined by the input of the driver.