Abstract: Advanced lithography techniques including sub-10 nm pitch patterning and structures resulting therefrom are described. Self-assembled devices and their methods of fabrication are described.

Abstract: Compositions, kits and methods of transforming the color appearance of a nail are provided. Methods include applying a color-transforming composition to a nail having a decorative coating with substantially uniform color appearance formed thereon. The color-transforming composition comprises solvent; a color system comprising effect colorants; a suspending system comprising hydrophilic silica; and a film-forming system, wherein the color-transforming composition is substantially free of clays.

Abstract: A sensor assembly is coupled with a control linkage and detects displacement of the control linkage and produces an output signal indicative of that displacement. The zero-point of the sensor assembly is not necessarily aligned with the zero-point of the control linkage when the two systems are coupled together. Instead, the control linkage is placed in its zero position and the sensor assembly determines its current positional reading at that time. This reading is stored as a zero-offset value which is then used, during normal operation of the sensor, to adjust the output signal of the sensor assembly when subsequent control linkage displacements are sensed.

Abstract: A load sensing circuit detects an input load signal across a transformer based on changes in electric current conducted through a primary winding of the transformer. A triangle wave signal is provided to the primary winding of the transformer to induce a corresponding signal at a secondary winding of the transformer. The signal at the secondary winding varies as a function of the input load signal to effect corresponding changes in the electric current conducted through the primary winding. An output circuit provides an indication of the value of the load signal based on the current conducted through the primary winding.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a Hall effect device which generates an electrical output signal upon exposure to a magnetic field. An operating current for the Hall effect device is varied by input circuitry to maintain the output signal from the Hall effect device constant with variations in temperature of the Hall effect device while the magnetic field to which the Hall effect device is exposed remains constant. The input circuitry includes a temperature responsive element which is maintained at a temperature which varies as a function of variations in the temperature of the Hall effect device. The temperature responsive element is a silicon diode.

Abstract: An insitu wet combustion process for the recovery of heavy oils from subterranean oil formations, such as tar sands, in which non-oxygen containing fluid, such as water, is introduced along with air cyclically to produce periodic high volume rates of injected fluid, great enough to increase the total sensible heat carrying capacities of the air and the vaporized fluid, such as steam, entering the flame zone substantially above the sensible heat capacity of the rock formation entering the flame zone, to substantially increase the temperatures of a downstream hot zone downstream of the flame front, without quenching the combustion.

Abstract: A turbo drill which is connected to a string of drill pipe as a rotating shaft for driving a drill bit which may be a rotary bit or a high speed solid head diamond bit. The turbine section has rotor and stator blades which are cresent shaped in cross section with each blade having an exit angle of 14.degree. - 23.degree. for maximum turbine efficiency. The bearing shaft is provided with chevron rotary seals positioned below the rotary bearings carrying both radial and vertical thrust. Fluid lubricant fills the space from the rotary seals to a predetermine level above the bearings. A piston seals the lubricant chamber and is pressurized by drilling fluid (i.e. mud) flowing through the tool. A layer of lubricant fluid overlies the first piston and has a second piston covering said fluid and transmitting pressure from the drilling fluid to the lubricant fluid surrounding the bearings.