Abstract: An acoustic surface wave oscillator is constructed from a semiconductor-piezoelectric acoustic surface wave amplifier by providing appropriate perturbations at the piezoelectric boundary. The perturbations cause Bragg order reflections that maintain acoustic-wave oscillation under certain conditions of gain and feedback.

Abstract: Utilizing round optical fibers as communication channels in optical communication networks presents the problem of obtaining a high efficiency coupling between the optical fiber and the laser. A laser is made an integral part of the optical fiber channel by either diffusing active material into the optical fiber or surrounding the optical fiber with the active material. Oscillation within the active medium to produce lasing action is established by grating the optical fiber so that distributed feedback occurs.

Abstract: For use in a waveguide gas laser a capillary tube of glass or ceramic has an inner surface defining a longitudinal capillary opening through which the laser gas flows. At least a portion of the inner surface is corrugated with corrugations or channels with a periodicity .LAMBDA. where .LAMBDA. = 1/2.lambda., .lambda. being the laser gas wavelength. The tube includes a diffused region extending outwardly from the opening. The diffused region of a depth d on the order of 1.lambda. to 3.lambda. acts as a waveguide for the waves, with the corrugations producing distributed feedback. The evanescent component of the waves travelling in the diffused region interact with the laser gas in the opening, gaining energy therefrom, and thereby amplifying the waves travelling in the diffused region, which exit the diffused region, surrounding the opening, as a beam of wavelength .lambda..