Abstract: A novel process for preparing a diaphragm-deposited activated cathode for use in a chlor-alkali cell is disclosed. The process involves heat-treating the activated cathode in an inert atmosphere, such as a nitrogen atmosphere, or a reducing atmosphere, such as a hydrogen atmosphere, during the baking or sintering of the diaphragm.Diaphragm-deposited activated cathodes prepared according to this invention exhibit better adhesive and stability than those which are prepared using conventional techniques. This, in turn, permits sustained operation in a chlor-alkali cell at a lower voltage for substantial energy savings.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for reducing the amount of alkali metal chlorate present in the cell liquor from a chlor-alkali cell, said apparatus comprising an electrochemical cell having at least one cathode element and one anode element, a cationic exchange membrane disposed between the anode and cathode elements, and an inlet for introducing chlorate-containing cell liquor and an outlet for removing purified cell liquor, inlet and outlet means for anolyte solution, and means for removing gaseous reaction products. The cathode element of said electrochemical cell is of a high surface area construction, preferably formed from compressed filaments of a ferrous material, such as iron or steel, and having sufficient porosity to permit the flow of cell liquor through the cathode. Preferably, when a plurality of anode and cathode elements are used, these elements are arranged in a staggered configuration in the apparatus to maximize the flow path of alkali metal chloride cell liquor through the apparatus.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the formula ##STR1## which comprises contacting compounds of the formula ##STR2## wherein n is 0 to 5, andm is 1 to 3in the vapor phase, with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a granular, porous high surface area catalyst prepared by treating .alpha.-alumina with hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A film-coated cathode is provided for the electrolysis of alkali metal halide solutions in the substantial absence of chromium ions. The cathode comprises a conductive substrate, such as titanium, steel, iron, or alloys thereof, coated with an adherent, porous film of a substantially nonconductive material having an average coating thickness of less than about 10.sup.3 microns. The nonconductive, film-forming material is further characterized as being chemically inert in the halate solution.