Abstract: A fluid filtration apparatus, which includes a plurality of optical fibers each having a length, wherein one or more of the plurality of optical fibers exhibits frustrated total internal reflection, thereby emitting light along the length of one or more of the optical fibers, in combination with a photocatalyst disposed on the plurality of optical fibers and a light source interconnected to the plurality of optical fibers.

Abstract: A method to prepare a self-decontaminating surface, where that method includes dissolving tartaric acid in water, adding titanium (IV) isopropoxide to the tartaric acid solution to form a coating composition in water, and casting that coating composition onto a surface to form a coating having anti-microbial function.

Abstract: A method to prepare a self-decontaminating surface, where that method includes disposing a first coating on a surface, where that first coating comprises an organosilane, and disposing a second coating over the first coating, where the second coating comprises TiO2.